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September 2013
- 23 participants
- 21 discussions
Dear colleagues,
Following are the top-viewed blog posts during September
<http://rejourney.blogspot.com/2013/09/journey-reflection-blog-review.html>
2013.
As always, we appreciate your quote suggestions, comments, and sharing blog
posts with others.
Happy Fall and Namaste.
Lynda and John
P.S. Many thanks to those who sent paper duplicates of blog images before
years 2009-2013. We are now mostly restoring and revising blogs from
2004-2008-over halfway there since early March. Another life-giving venture
is ours.
>Blog: "Journey Reflection" at 4 links ...
Google: <http://www.rejourney.blogspot.com/>
www.reJourney.blogspot.com
Google Plus:
<https://plus.google.com/u/0/114307312715975337692/posts> Journey
Reflection/Google Plus
Facebook: <https://www.facebook.com/transcribebooks>
https://www.facebook.com/transcribebooks
Twitter: <https://twitter.com/transcribebooks>
https://twitter.com/transcribebooks
>Web Page: <http://www.transcribebooks.com/> www.transcribebooks.com
>Books: <https://www.amazon.com/author/johnpcock>
https://www.amazon.com/author/johnpcock
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George Walters of Resurgence Publishing requested that we post this notice
on the OE and Dialogue list serves:
Order John Epps' new book: "The Theology of Surprise" at
<http://www.resurgencepublishing.com/> www.resurgencepublishing.com. In
this book John shares with us 50 years of his experience and wisdom in his
"encounters with Life's Mysteries" and critical thinking about such topics
as "The Theology of Development" from JWM and others.
Recently Perkins Theological Seminary accepted for the Perkins Library
copies of John's book and all of those he has shared in editing (Bending
History Series). They also accepted Brother Joe and the Symposium
publications and the books of Bill Holmes and Bishop Mathews. The "Wesley
Nexus" has recently published a review of John's new book as well.
On any Android device, you can download the new RPC App from the Google Play
store "rpc.mobile" and order from your phone or tablet.
Bulk Orders: On the website and RPC mobile There is an offer there for bulk
orders for study books (qty of 10) when ordered directly through Resurgence
Publishing with credit card payment options (or send a check).
Single Orders: You can also click the "Amazon" or "Barnes and Noble" Icons
on our website for single orders less than 10 copies.Or you can order from a
dozen different sources by searching on your Google or Bing "John Epps "The
Theology of Surprise"".
On the New RPC website and mobile app, you will also enjoy a photo history
and all the videos now published on YouTube from the 2009 Symposium at
Wesley Seminary, Washington DC.
(To view the photos, scroll down to the grey band at the bottom of the home
page. Select RPC Conferencing on the right side above the You Tube symbol.
Congratulations to John Epps on his new book. Lynda and John Cock)
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Archive History-Version 9.doc (dialogue@lists.wedgeblade.net)
by Beret Griffith (Google Drive) 29 Sep '13
by Beret Griffith (Google Drive) 29 Sep '13
29 Sep '13
I've shared an item with you:
Archive History-Version 9.doc
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1f3iDOBwKD9H4k54g3aj_0in78L7eKOr66Kxbe2F…
It's not an attachment -- it's stored online. To open this item, just click
the link above.
Colleagues, Greetings from The Global Archives. Marge Philbrook has been
the inspiration for documenting the history of The Global Archives.Your
recollections of the archives are welcome and will be included. Anyone with
memories of the print shops? We would like to add your stories and
recollections, in addition to hearing about anyones experiences in the
archives.
4
3
Surprisingly, Amazon sent it the next day, though I had it on standard delivery. It took me two sittings to read through it (you really don't want to put it down). Some parts reminded me of the witnesses at Daily Office in the old Jet Hanger, and other parts of JWM's dramatic orations in room E or his eye piercing conversations around the table in the cubicle, while still others brought me back to the classroom with Shubert Ogden at Perkins (not many will have that memory). But it also reminded me of the intent and thrust of our HDP experiment and in the final chapters threw me up against the decisions I have on my hands at the moment. Some of it will require a little "chewing" through the theological language; after all John is a theologian, but it's well worth the trip, and the tramping through our categories of experience is a delight.
For me, this has been the best of our efforts going forward, and hopefully our writers will give us more.
Surprisingly enough, the first article I read on the web after putting down the book was one written by Desmond Tutu entitled the God of Surprises. http://www.onbeing.org/program/desmond-tutus-god-surprises/85
Thanks John, spot on.
George Holcombe
14900 Yellowleaf Tr.
Austin TX 78728
Mobile 512/252-2756
grholcombe(a)gmail.com
"Whatever the problem, community is the answer. There is no power greater than a community discovering what it cares about." Margaret Wheatley
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26 Sep '13
HOMEPAGE MY PROFILE ESSAY ARCHIVE MESSAGE BOARDS CALENDAR
Part III Matthew: The Shadow of Moses Continues
Using the gospel of Matthew as our guide we have begun the task of opening the background necessary to grasp, as members of the current generation of Christians, the meaning of all the gospels. This is necessary because all of the gospels are Jewish books written by Jewish authors for Jewish congregations. They employ Jewish symbols and Jewish images; they draw on the Jewish Scriptures of antiquity to interpret the life and meaning of the Jewish Jesus of Nazareth. If we do not understand this Jewish reality, the tendency on the part of modern readers of these gospels will be to treat them as literal accounts of things that actually happened. They were never written to be that! I began this study of Matthew’s gospel by lifting the figure of Moses out of the shadows in Matthew’s first seven chapters. Although the image of Moses dominates these chapters his name is never mentioned. Yet for those who understand, Moses is the template against which Matthew tells his story of Jesus.
Earlier in this series, we looked at the first Moses story in Matthew’s gospel, the account of King Herod going down to Bethlehem and killing all the Jewish boy babies up to the age of two in a vain attempt to destroy God’s promised messiah. When Moses was born, we read in the book of Exodus that a king named Pharaoh sent an order throughout Egypt to kill all Jewish boy babies in his mythological attempt to destroy the one whom God had promised to deliver the Jewish people from Egyptian bondage. Matthew was thus wrapping a well-known Moses story around the infant Jesus. His original readers would have understood that. It is the first instance of the interpretive clue to the role the unseen Moses will play in Matthew’s story of Jesus. It will not be the last. The shadow of Moses will emerge time after time as this gospel pursues its story.
Next we looked at Jesus’ baptism by John in the Jordan River, which Matthew likened to Moses’ Red Sea experience. Moses split the waters of the Red Sea while Jesus, the new Moses, split the heavenly waters. These heavenly waters then proceeded to rain on him as the Holy Spirit. The baptism of Jesus was thus being paralleled to the Red Sea experience of Moses. The interpretive power of Moses was still at work. It would not stop even there.
What did Moses do after his baptismal experience in the Red Sea? Read the book of Exodus and you will discover that he wandered in the wilderness for forty years trying to figure out what it meant to be God’s “Chosen People.” To purpose-driven modern men and women, this meandering in a wilderness type limbo is very strange. Look, however, at how the gospel writers treat this Jewish story from the Torah. After Jesus had his Red Sea experience in the Jordan River, we are told that he too wandered in the wilderness, not for “forty years,” but for “forty days,” trying to figure out what it meant to be God’s designated messiah, the one whom God had called “My beloved son in whom I am well pleased.”
Mark, the earliest of the gospels, says simply that Jesus was in the wilderness for forty days being tempted by the devil, but he gives no content as to the temptations. Matthew, however, provides that content, which also serves to open the mind of Matthew a little more deeply. We study that mind by searching for the source of Matthew’s temptation content. A careful reading of the Moses story in the Torah provides this new understanding.
During Moses’ forty year sojourn in the wilderness, we learn that Moses faced three critical experiences. The first one had to do with the shortage of food and Moses took his concern to God. God answered Moses’ prayer by raining down upon the starving children of Israel heavenly bread that came to be called “Manna.” By the time the editing of the Torah was finished. the “Manna in the Wilderness” story, had become stylized in order to accommodate Jewish piety. The manna eventually fell on only six days a week in order to save both God, who had to send it, and the people, who had to gather it, from violating the prohibition against working on the Sabbath. It also placed into biblical mythology the image of a God capable of expanding the food supply, a theme that will be visible in the stories of Elijah and Elisha and will making its appearance in the Jesus tradition as the miraculous feeding of the multitude with a limited number of loaves and fish. In any event, the crisis of hunger among the people that Moses was leading in the wilderness is answered by the God who sent heavenly bread.
The second critical moment for Moses came in response to another crisis, this time involving a shortage of water. In response Moses dared to put God to the test at a place named Meribah. Moses, in frustration over this threatened water shortage, struck a rock with his staff and demanded that God cause water to flow out of that rock. God, according to this story, obeyed Moses’ command so as not to humiliate God’s chosen leader. God, however, was not pleased. No one commands God to do a human being’s bidding. Moses had sinned and the Torah made that clear. Moses was punished for this act by not being allowed to enter the Promised Land. He would see that destination, but he would not enter it for no one puts God to the test! Moses died in the wilderness with his life’s work in some sense unfulfilled.
The third critical moment for Moses in these forty years in the wilderness came in the episode we know as the story of the golden calf. Moses had been away from his people for a long period of time, conferring presumably with God on top of Mt. Sinai. The people felt abandoned and became restive. So, under the direction of Aaron, who was both the high priest and Moses’ brother, the people brought all of their gold jewelry, their bracelets, rings, necklaces and chains, and Aaron proceeded to melt them down and to fashion the gold into the image of a calf, which was then proclaimed to be “God” for the people. Before this golden calf they then bowed in worship, while saying: “This is the God who brought us out of the land of Egypt.” The people had turned from the worship of God to the worship of something less than God. When Moses returned, he smashed this golden calf and instituted a purge of the chosen people. Each of these three critical moments has its consequences, but in them Moses was tried by hunger, by putting God to the test and by seeing the people worship something other than God. Matthew knew these stories in the Hebrew tradition and, not surprisingly, he wrapped them around the memory of Jesus in a way designed to demonstrate that the God presence in Jesus exceeded the God presence in Moses, the holiest hero of the Jewish faith story. That was his stunning claim.
So, if it took Moses forty years to get through the wilderness, Matthew suggested that Jesus did it in just forty days, while struggling successfully with the same crises that confronted Moses. The first of what Matthew called the temptations of Jesus arose out of the shortage of food. “Turn these stones into bread,” the tempter urged. Jesus, however, resisted. People do not live by bread alone, he responded. Full stomachs do not make full human beings.
The second temptation was to put God to the test: “Cast yourself off the pinnacle of the Temple, Jesus,” make God serve you. The tempter even quoted scripture to make the temptation more appealing, “It is written,” he said, “that God will give his angels charge over you and in their hands they will bear you up lest you strike your foot against a stone.” Jesus responded: “You do not tempt the Lord your God.” You do not put God to the test.
The third temptation once again followed the Moses script. The tempter invited Jesus to bow down before him with the promise that the devil would give him all the kingdoms of the world. Jesus, however, understood the script that Matthew was following and so he was made to respond with the ringing words that God alone, not any creature, was worthy of worship.
Moses, struggling to understand what it meant to be the “chosen people,” underwent three critical moments in his forty years in the wilderness. Jesus, struggling to understand what it meant to be “messiah,” God’s chosen deliverer, underwent three temptations in his forty day sojourn in the wilderness. The content of their crises was identical. This is not a coincidence, nor is this literal history. This is Jewish interpretive storytelling. Matthew was announcing the arrival of a new Moses and, to make his meaning clear, he proceeded to wrap around the memory of Jesus the well-known stories of Moses from his birth, to the Red Sea adventure, to his critical moments in the wilderness. This is not biography. This is not Matthew writing a literal account of Jesus’ life. Matthew knew what he was doing and so did the audience who first read his words. He wanted to fill them with a sense of wonder, awe and even worship. “I am writing,” if I might paraphrase him, “to tell you about the one who fulfilled our Jewish scriptures; one in whom God was present as God has never been present in a human life before, not even in the holiest life of Moses, who stands at the apex of our own Jewish traditions. Listen to my story. It is of infinite importance.” As long as his readers were aware of Matthew’s Jewish story telling method, they heard and they understood. Literalism and fundamentalism arose in Christianity after the Christian Church ceased to be made up primarily of Jews. Fundamentalism was born when Gentile ignorance made it impossible for them to understand the Jewishness of Matthew’s stories about Jesus. Fundamentalism is thus a “Gentile Heresy.”
When this series resumes we will turn our attention to the “Sermon on the Mount.” and Moses will emerge once more in the background.
~John Shelby Spong
Read the essay online here.
Question & Answer
Question:
Jane Cookdale, via the Internet, writes:
Do I get my child baptized into a church with which I profoundly disagree? Should I stand up and commit her to the ridiculous concept of original sin? To the human interpretation of evil and the devil? I have spent a year discussing this with my minister and I really want to proclaim no! I want to commit my child's life to a God of love, of forgiveness that is already waiting to be claimed, a God who is not dependent on repentance. I was nine years old when I understood that if God loves, then there can be no "hell," no final judgment. Just our own inability to comprehend that we are already forgiven for everything is enough. Then there is no scale from a little misdemeanor to irredeemable evil, just a degree of separation from God's perfection that we can only close through love.
Answer:
Dear Jane,
I would never ask you to act against what you believe. I would urge you to be a catalyst for what you believe and raise the issues publicly in your church. If your minister cannot embrace your insights and insists that you violate your own convictions and your honesty if your child is to be baptized, then I suggest you walk away from that church, but do it very publicly so the issues that you raise will be both indelible and consciousness-raising for the entire community. I assure you that there are numerous voices in academic Christianity that react to the concept of original sin’s absurdity just as strongly as you do and there are thus numbers of churches that are moving away from the idea that baptism is required to wash away the stain of original sin. I have unbaptized grandchildren because their parents could not and would not say the words required in the baptismal liturgies of their prospective churches.
Original sin died in the writings of Charles Darwin. Maybe that is why traditional churches have been so threatened and so frightened by Darwin. Original sin implies an original perfection, from which we have fallen. Darwin makes us aware that there was no original perfection but an evolution of life from single cells to self-conscious complexity. The traditional way of telling the Christ story falls apart with that insight. No original perfection means no fall into sin. No fall into sin means that there is no need to be rescued or saved. No need to be saved means that the idea that Jesus “died for my sins” or brought about my salvation through his pain and suffering is little more than a guilt-producing control technique. Once that medieval world view has been dispatched, perhaps we can begin to see God as life, love and being and Jesus as the human experience of that divine presence. On that basis, a new Christianity for a new world will be created.
In 1979, when my church revised its prayer book, it changed the baptismal liturgy dramatically, not enough, I fear, but it was clearly a step in the right direction. No longer in this revised service is one asked to renounce the “world,” but rather to renounce “the evil powers of this world that corrupt and destroy the creatures of God.” We no longer in that revised service renounce “the Flesh,” but rather we renounce “the sinful desires that draw us from the love of God.” We no longer renounce the devil, but we renounce “all the spiritual forces of wickedness that rebel against God.” Suddenly being a Christian is no longer related to being a monk or a nun!
In the baptismal prayers for the child or person to be baptized, the new baptismal liturgy has moved in very positive and different directions. We pray that this child’s “heart may be open to God’s grace and truth,” that this child will be filled with God’s “holy and life-giving Spirit,” that this child will be kept “in the faith and communion” of God’s church, that he or she will be taught “to love others in the power of the Spirit” and finally that this child or person may be brought to the “fullness” of God’s “peace and glory.”
That represents a fairly dramatic turn from the baptismal theology of the past and the theology to which you are being exposed and against which you are so rightly reacting.
I hope you can find a community of faith that will build your child up rather than tear your child down. They are out there, but the old stuff is still present and it is still reaping its harvest of human depravity.
~John Shelby Spong
Announcements
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HOMEPAGE MY PROFILE ESSAY ARCHIVE MESSAGE BOARDS CALENDAR
SYRIA, POISON GAS, MISSILE STRIKES AND PEACE?
It has been both an emotional and a political roller-coaster. The television newscasters and the print media informed us that a political debate was underway as to whether or not the armed might of this country should be used to punish the Syrian government for violating the universal condemnation against chemical warfare that has governed the world since the horror of gas in the trenches in World War I. Pictures were released of small children, who had been the victims of sarin gas. The pictures were chilling. I enquired of a medical expert about the effects of sarin gas on the human body. He shuddered even to talk about it. His sentences were short and declarative. “It is deadly.” “There is no protection.” “Suffering is intense.” “Death is inevitable.” For almost one hundred years, despite brutal wars, both worldwide and local, with weapon enhancements like atomic power and cruise missiles, the prohibition against chemical warfare has still been generally adhered to by the nations of the world until this moment. Now the Syrian government has breeched this taboo, in an action widely believed to have been ordered by its president, Bashar al-Assad. I did not disagree with the official statement of facts and yet the debate itself struck me as deeply irrational.
Condemning one tactic of war as inhumane, while condoning the war itself, strikes me as a strange line of reasoning. The nuclear bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in the last days of World War II killed about 100,000 civilians in each city. There were, however, no photographs except that of a mushroom cloud. We did not see victims in the last stages of life because the bomb vaporized them. Estimates are that the poison gas attacks in Syria killed over 1400 hundred people. Well over 100,000 people, however, had been killed previously in this cruel civil war. It seems to me that all of them are equally dead. One wonders if the means by which they died is of any great significance to the victims.
Nevertheless political leaders at home and abroad engaged this debate quite publicly. The “war hawk” part of the Republican Party, led by Senators John McCain of Arizona and Lindsey Graham of South Carolina quickly endorsed the call for a military response. Neither has ever seen a war they did not favor. Politics being what they are, however, neither could resist using their endorsement to slam the President for not engaging this war much earlier and on the side of the rebels. They were soon joined by House Speaker, John Boehner, but how many Republican votes he can control in his caucus is always a question, not just on this issue, but on any other. The Libertarian wing of Republican Party, led by Senator Rand Paul, was vehemently opposed to any military intervention. They are far too isolationist in their foreign policy ideas to embrace anything that might lead to another unpopular and expensive war. War is also an activity of “big government,” which they oppose. They were joined in this opposition by the “hate Obama” wing of this party which seems to infect in varying degrees all Republicans. These political operatives act on the premise that if President Obama is for it, even if it is an idea that was originally a Republican proposal, they are against it. That is a strange way to be an opposition party, but that is what ideologically driven American politics has degenerated into being.
Those on the Democratic side of the aisle did not do much better. The tensions within this party are equally real. In the last twenty-five years this nation has been led into three Middle Eastern wars: Iraq I, Afghanistan and Iraq II. All three resulted from foreign policy decisions made by Republican presidents. None of these wars was conclusive. All were expensive. There is no doubt that the unbudgeted costs of these three wars contributed both to the out-of-bounds deficit we still seek to get under control and to the economic collapse that occurred in 2008. There is, therefore, little stomach among leading Democrats for another military action in another Middle Eastern country. Many in this nation have discovered the unintended consequences of war decisions far too often to be interested in going down that road yet once again. Middle Eastern civil wars with deep religious overtones, we have observed, do not lend themselves to military solutions anyway. This decision to begin retaliatory military procedures against Syria, however, came from a Democratic president, perhaps more importantly, from a president who has spent his first term in office unwinding the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. Could the Democrats ignore this call from their own elected leader? This president surprisingly then decided to do what few other presidents have done. Before ordering this strike he asked Congress to authorize his action. It was high risk to ask this almost dysfunctional body of legislators to do much of anything, making the president clearly vulnerable.
The polls showed that the American public did not favor a new military engagement in the Middle East and the Congress began to reflect that popular will. The Obama administration, sensing defeat, tried to minimize the “punitive” response. It would be a “surgical strike,” they said. “It will be designed not to destroy the Assad regime, but only to destroy his capacity to use chemical weapons.” Our purpose is only to “degrade,” that became the new code word, “his ability to wage war.” Perhaps these words helped acceptance to grow, but that is unlikely. These distinctions were also non-sensical. If these attacks were to “degrade” Assad’s ability to wage war, does that not lead to his removal from power at the hands of the rebels? Is it not the stated public policy of the government of the United States to remove Assad from power? Who then are we fooling? Are we ready to embrace the rebels as our choice for the future of Syria? Is there any evidence that the rebels want our endorsement? Is the devil we know worse than the devil we do not know? How many Muslim terrorists, members of Hezbollah or the Taliban have infiltrated the ranks of the rebel forces? The issues are not clear.
If the president of the United States asks Congress to authorize a military strike and Congress were to refuse, is not permanent damage inflicted on the office of the presidency itself? Would any future president ever again ask for congressional approval for a military initiative? Would that not open this country up to a president who would then seem to have the unilateral power to begin a war that no one wanted? So the debate raged and good options began to disappear. Irrationality seemed to reign supreme.
Then a new initiative appeared from a surprising source that, on the surface at least, seemed better than any other alternative. There was not only a rush to embrace that initiative, but also a rush to claim credit for it, despite the lack of comfort that surrounded it. Suddenly the only way out of the Syrian debacle required that we trust Russia’s Vladimir Putin, who now seemed to occupy center stage. Through the op-ed page of the New York Times Putin was allowed to speak to the American people. That was more than some politicians could manage. Mr. Putin also ridiculed the popular political claim to “American Exceptionalism.” One well known Republican Senator told the world that he “wanted to throw up” as he read the Putin piece. There were, however, no other options on the table around which anyone could rally. Leaders thus held their noses and sought to use this offer to move the process along. At week’s end a tentative agreement was reached. If it holds there are many benefits. If it fails there are huge downside risks.
Syria’s chemical warfare arsenal was to be turned over to an international body and destroyed. A powerful message would thus be sent to rogue governments from North Korea to Somalia that the civilized world was watching and was ready to act. Such an agreement would surely encourage the new government in Iran to seek better relations with the world. This agreement, if successful, might actually open the door to a negotiated settlement to the entire Syrian civil war. If that were successful, then perhaps the door would be ajar for a much larger Middle Eastern peace proposal that would create a permanent settlement between Israel and the Palestinians, a settlement than many people regard as the key to Middle-Eastern peace. International relations do turn on breakthrough moments. Perhaps this Syrian settlement will prove to be one of those moments. Time alone will tell us whether this is so. If it is, then we will have seen a new alternative to both power politics and to the “balance of terror” that has kept the world’s fragile peace since the end of World War II.
That would be an exceptional result. Perhaps “American Exceptionalism” is not something we are, as we like to pretend, but something we are called to be, in this case peacemakers. That would be a new idea. Perhaps real leadership could then emerge both at home and abroad, based not on political posturing, but on solving real problems in the service of all the people at home and abroad. For now let us dare to hope.
If this initiative fails or turns out to be little more than the stalling tactic that many fear it is, then we would have to turn to “Plan B.” The only trouble is that there does not appear to be a “Plan B!”
John Shelby Spong
Read the essay online here.
Question & Answer
Mike Rand from Dorset, UK, writes:
Question:
I work for the Dorset police here in Dorset, England. I do not come from a Christian family although I did attend a Methodist Sunday School as a boy. I have been searching to try and make sense of the Christian message and many of the complex questions that the Bible throws up. I have read a number of your books and I have to say that they are the first publications that make any sense to me. The question of the death of Jesus being a method of atonement from original sin has always been a major block to faith for me. I have in the past completed the Church of England’s Alpha courses, but the answers given by well-meaning clergy have never made any sense to me. The literalist view of the Bible in this modern day and age doesn’t aid understanding. I am halfway through your latest publication relating to the Fourth Gospel. I feel for the first time a sense of enlightenment with the view that the life of Jesus was to show us the vision of what we can be and to assist as a gateway into the mystical union with God. This at least gives a real purpose to Jesus’ life and work. My question is where can I, and others like me, go from here. I have yet to find a church organization that isn’t governed by restrictive creeds and regulations? If we do find a new faith and belief, where and what should the next stage be to becoming all that we are meant to be? Is it enough just to believe in a private and individual way? Do we need to find a group of like-minded people with similar views or is it sufficient just to go it alone? I am coming up to London with a good friend of mine in October to hear you lecture in Streatham. I am really looking forward to seeing you. Any advice you can give me on my “where next” question would be gratefully received.
Answer:
Dear Mike,
Thank you for your letter. I have great respect for those who serve as policemen in England. I have a nephew, who is a Special Forces policeman in Devizes, which is very near you. I shall look forward to meeting you at the October lecture in Streatham. Maybe I can get him to come and introduce him to you.
Many parts of the established Church of England are in fact moribund. Someone observed that rigor mortis would be too lively a word to describe many of its congregations. This Church, out of which my Episcopal Church has come and to which we are still related, sings from a hymnal entitled “Hymns Ancient and Modern,” but “modern” barely gets to the 19th century. It is burdened with the structures of yesterday, with patronage and with a hierarchy so bound to the establishment that its leaders do not realize how out of date it is. Traditionally this Church was divided into three groups that were affectionately designated “high and crazy, broad and hazy and low and lazy.” The high and crazy group is more catholic than the Pope. They chant the mass, use incense on every occasion and employ a variety of worship traditions to make sure the 13th century liturgical forms will not be disturbed. Like their Roman Catholic cousins, this “high and crazy” group does not generally care for women priests.
The “low and lazy” group is made up of the evangelicals who still seem to believe that God wrote the Bible and therefore that it must be inerrant. They offer salvation and the bliss of heaven only to “true believers,” i.e. those who agree with them. They publish what is surely the worst church paper I have ever read called “The Church of England Newspaper.” They seem to me to reserve their passion for church fights to the task of saving the Church of England from the pollution of both homosexuals and women, because they think the Bible defines gay people as evil or “deviant” and women as subservient. The Alpha course is a product of this “low and lazy” way of thinking in the Church of England.
The “broad and hazy” group used to be the ones who gave the Church of England its flavor and its entertainment value. This group takes religion somewhat less than seriously, but they don’t reject it because it is part of what it means to be English. They also want an institution in which their babies can be “christened,” their children married and themselves buried, not so much because these things are inherently of great value, but because that is the proper way to do things, the English way.
As secularism rises, this broad group has, however, essentially given up religion so that all of England’s fierce religious disputes are now between the “high crazies” and the “low lazies.” Both of them tend to bore thinking people.
In England there is a group called the Progressive Christian Network, originally headed by the Rev. Hugh Dawes, one of the most creative priests I’ve ever known. It is now headed by the Rev. John Churcher, an outstanding and brilliant Methodist clergyman. They sponsor and support study groups in all parts of the UK. A constituent part of the Progressive Christian Network is the progressive wing of the United Reformed Church of England, a merger originally between English Congregationalists and English Presbyterians. This Church has produced some great leaders, including Fred Kaan, whom I regard as perhaps the greatest Christian hymn writer of the 20th century. This Church has also sponsored national conferences called “Free to Believe,” where they have encouraged lay people to wrestle with the real questions that Christians living in the 21st century need to face if Christianity is to live and be relevant.
So my advice to you is to seek contact with a group associated with the Progressive Christian Network of the UK and begin to work with one of its groups. Perhaps some members of that organization, reading this response to your question, will get in touch with you directly or through this column if they prefer.
I look forward to meeting you in October and thank you for your letter. You are the kind of person toward whom my whole life’s work is directed.
Live well!
John Shelby Spong
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Dear colleagues
In a recent conversation as part of a Philosophy and Christian Thought class (third year B Th through Flinders University), Descartes' notion of people doing their own thinking came up.
I said I recall a theologian had pictures of his favourite theologians on the wall alongside his staircase. The top portrait was a mirror.
Does anyone remember who that theologian might have been? I thought it might have been Karl Barth, but it might have been one of the four RS-I theologians, or someone else.
Can anyone help?
Best wishes
Frank Bremner
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9/12/13, Spong: Part II: The Gospel of Matthew. Exploring the Shadow of Moses in Matthew's Portrait of Jesus
by Ellie Stock 12 Sep '13
by Ellie Stock 12 Sep '13
12 Sep '13
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Part II: The Gospel of Matthew
Exploring the Shadow of Moses in Matthew's Portrait of Jesus
I return to Matthew’s gospel today to lay out the case for its basic Jewishness. As I suggested in the opening column in this series last week, we must see all the books of the New Testament as Jewish writings before we can properly begin to understand them. Matthew is by every measure the most Jewish of the four gospels. He was also writing this gospel to a community of Jesus’ followers who were themselves Jewish. That is why he could and did use in his narrative the symbols of his Jewish faith story and illustrations drawn from his Jewish world view. He wrote in the confidence that his readers would both understand these symbols and interpret them correctly. In the first decades of the Christian movement this primary meaning of Matthew’s gospel was universally understood. No one at that time could have or would have pretended that Matthew was writing literal history or recording as an eye-witness an event that actually happened. That misunderstanding, however, would arise near the middle of the 2nd century, by which time Christianity had become primarily a Gentile movement. Because they were now Gentile Christians meant that they were no longer conversant with the Jewish past or with Jewish symbols. They did not read the Jewish Scriptures, thinking that they had been superseded by the Christian writings. They no longer worshipped in synagogues. They were thus blind to the Jewish meanings incorporated into the text of this gospel.
In addition to that their blindness had a second focus. By this time in Christian history, these Gentile Christians were so deeply infected with a virulent anti- Semitism, that they had no desire to understand anything Jewish. So the real and original meaning of this gospel was lost to them. Christianity had entered what I call its “Gentile Captivity,” which was destined to last until well into the 20th century when the first cracks in it began to appear. Having no other way to understand this gospel, they almost inevitably began to read Matthew as if it were a literally true biography of Jesus and they began to assume that Matthew’s narrative was intended to be read as literal history. That was when they made assumptions about this gospel that neither its author nor its original reading audience would ever have made. They suggested, for example, that there really was a star that traveled so slowly across the sky that wise men could keep up with it. They assumed that this star led the magi to find Jesus in Bethlehem. They assumed that since the sky was the roof separating heaven from earth, the way for God to send the Holy Spirit upon Jesus at his baptism was to open a hole in the roof to allow this divine invasion. They assumed that God literally spoke from beyond that sky to proclaim Jesus as his son, not recognizing that the divine words were actually lifted from Isaiah 42. They assumed that Jesus was literally tempted in a literal wilderness by a literal devil and that Jesus literally preached the Sermon on the Mount. None of these assumptions would ever have occurred to the original Jewish readers of Matthew’s gospel for they knew the Jewish background revealed in all of these narratives.
My task in this series will be to open the minds of my readers to this background. In doing so I hope to make it clear that biblical fundamentalism is a Gentile Heresy! It was created out of Gentile ignorance about Jewish sacred writings. The fundamentalism with which the Christian church is plagued in the 21st century rises from the same source. Gentile literalism and biblical fundamentalism are not benign, they are deeply destructive of Christianity. That is a strong, but accurate charge and it cries out to be documented. In this column and throughout this series that will be my primary agenda. So let me begin with lesson one.
The greatest hero in the Jewish faith story was Moses, so it should not be surprising that the life of Moses would be the template against which Jewish writers would tell the story of Jesus, and would thus serve as their primary clue in interpreting the life of Jesus. Surprisingly the name of Moses is not mentioned in Matthew until the 8th chapter of this gospel, but the shadow of Moses is present in every Jesus story.
Moses makes his first silent appearance in the Matthean text in the birth narrative with which Matthew opens his gospel. Here Matthew tells us that when Jesus was born, a wicked king named Herod tried to kill him. The wise men had come to Herod’s palace seeking knowledge as to the birth place of the one they called “the King of the Jews.” A child born with such a title in the land of the Jews would be a direct threat to Herod’s throne, so Herod was not pleased. Herod conferred with his scribes and wise men as to where the new Jewish king was expected to be born and they discovered in the book of Micah what they believed was a prediction that the messiah must come out of Bethlehem, for he must be of the house of David. Herod then deputized the magi to return to him with a report of this new king’s identity and location: “so that I too might come and worship him.” Then Herod sent them on their way. The wise men in this story, however, were warned by God in a dream not to return to Herod and so they departed by another route. Herod was angered when he discovered that he had been duped and so he directed his solders to go to Bethlehem and there to kill all the boy babies up to two years of age in an attempt to destroy God’s new “promised deliverer.” Did any of this really happen? Of course not! That is a Moses story being retold about Jesus. When Moses was born, another wicked king named Pharaoh also moved to destroy all the Jewish boy babies, this time in Egypt, in a vain attempt to destroy God’s “promised deliverer.” Moses, that story tells us, was saved when his mother put him in a basket in the Nile River where he was later found by the Pharaoh’s daughter, who raised him as her son. The baby Jesus, like Moses, was also saved from his fate, when his father, Joseph, took him down to Egypt to escape the wrath of Herod.
This is not history, it is an interpretive narrative in the Jewish story-telling tradition. All of Matthew’s original Jewish readers would have recognized this fact when they heard this text read to them for they would have listened with Jewish ears and Jewish understanding. They recognized Matthew’s Jewish style of writing. Later, Gentile readers, devoid of this ability, began to treat the stories as if they were literally true. That is how fundamentalism was born.
As Matthew’s story continued to unfold those who knew the Jewish Scriptures could still see Moses silently present in the background. Next Matthew told the story of Jesus’ baptism by bringing Jesus to the edge of the River Jordan. God’s power over water had long been a major theme of the Old Testament writers. That theme was illustrated most dramatically in the Exodus story where Moses was able to part the waters of the Red Sea so that the Jews could escape slavery in Egypt by walking across that sea on dry land. The tradition of splitting waters then became a recurring theme in the Old Testament. It was repeated in the life of Joshua, Moses’ successor, who split the waters of the flooded Jordan River so that the Jews could cross over on dry land and thus conquer the country that they claimed had been bequeathed to their ancestor Abraham. Later in the biblical narrative both Elijah and Elisha split the waters of the Jordan River so that they too could walk across on dry land. All of these traditions were in the mind of the author of Matthew’s gospel and of its first readers and that is why they recognized what Matthew was trying to communicate when he told this story. Look now at the details of the story of Jesus’ baptism with Jewish eyes.
Matthew first took Jesus to the edge of the Jordan River. In this story Matthew was trying to communicate his conviction, and the convictions of his audience, that in Jesus there was a God-presence like unto none other, not even to the God presence in the greatest heroes of their faith story: Moses, Joshua, Elijah and Elisha. How did Matthew do this? Read his gospel! When Jesus stepped into the waters of the Jordan River, he did not split those waters. Anyone could do that! That had happened several times before. So Matthew’s Jesus does not split the waters of the Jordan, he splits the heavens! What were the heavens to the Jews? The creation story tells us that the sky, which that story calls the “firmament,” was originally designed to separate the waters above from the waters below. So Jesus is portrayed as stepping into the Jordan, but splitting the heavenly waters, which then flowed down on him as the Holy Spirit. “Living water” is always a Jewish synonym for the Holy Spirit. Matthew was saying that Jesus split the boundary between heaven and earth, between the human and the divine, and a voice from heaven then designated Jesus as God’s “unique” son. Here the divine is experienced in the human. Is this a literal account of the baptism of Jesus? Of course not! It is an interpretation of Jesus as the one in whom God was as uniquely present beyond any God presence the Jewish people had ever known. Both Matthew and his Jewish audience would have understood this message. No one would have been tempted to view this story as literal history. Only uninformed Gentiles, reading this story a few generations later, would begin to think this was a literal story.
The shadow of Moses in Matthew’s story of Jesus does not end there, so, I will continue next week to probe Matthew’s gospel as he wrote it and as his first readers understood it. No one in the time when this gospel was written read or viewed it as literal history because they knew it wasn’t. Fundamentalism is the interpretive ignorance of those who do not understand that Matthew’s gospel was never meant to be a biography. It was designed to be an interpretive portrait painted by a Jewish artist to enable the meaning of Jesus to be grasped by his Jewish audience. As this story unfolds over subsequent weeks that will become abundantly clear.
John Shelby Spong
Read the essay online here.
Question & Answer
Gerald Van Es from Sioux Center, Iowa, writes:
Question:
I have enjoyed your books and essays and particularly enjoyed meeting you and hearing your recent lectures in Omaha, Nebraska. Many of your ideas resonate with me and make it possible for me to continue to consider myself a Christian. Something I struggle with, though, is how to continue to attend and receive inspiration from local church services. The services seem to have a lot of superficial, meaningless praise songs and seem to be focused on an external, supernatural God; those concepts just don’t work for me. I’m sure that in your travels, you have worshiped in many different settings. Have you found a way to get past things in church services you cannot agree with but still have a positive and inspirational experience?
Answer:
Dear Jerry,
Thank you for your letter and your kind words. I enjoyed my time in Omaha, Nebraska, and am aware that there are at least two churches in that Midwestern city that I know I would be comfortable as a member and a worshiper. One is the Countryside Community Church, which is part of the United Church of Christ and the other is the First Methodist Church; both have gifted clergy leaders and a willingness on the part of the congregations to push the boundaries.
The problem you speak of about church services is one I fully understand. That is the result of a church that reads the gospels that were written in the first century; recites the creeds that were composed in the fourth century and uses worship forms that were created in the 13th century. I do not reject any of these sources that feed modern worship, but I do reject the temptation to literalize scripture, creed or liturgy. Many churches do not get beyond the assumption that the gospels capture the ultimate truth of God, that the creeds completely define the truth of God and that the 13th century liturgy is somehow pleasing to God. Once these concepts are broken, then I think worship has a chance to grow.
I do not feel a need to separate myself from the symbols of my Christian past, but I do feel the need not to be bound by them. The Bible is not the literal word of God. The creeds are not a girdle into which I have to force my flabby faith. The liturgy is not the music of heaven in which the angels join. All are symbols pointing beyond themselves to a mystery and a wonder that none of them can exhaust.
I love attending my parish church, St. Peter’s in Morristown, New Jersey, for five primary reasons:
1. Our rector, Janet Broderick, uses the sermon to illuminate contemporary issues and contemporary life as they are viewed through the symbols of our Christian past. Preaching is not meant to be bound to the world of yesterday.
2. There is a powerful sense of community in this congregation that is based not on human uniformity or the forced conformity to any ideas. It is based rather on the depth of mutual caring for one another. All of us give and receive of that caring. This congregation has within it members and couples who are black, white and Asian, sometimes in the same family. We have gay and straight members and have been magnificently served in the recent past by an openly lesbian priest, the Rev. Melissa Hall, who was married to her partner and they are the parents of an adopted child of Asian descent. Our focus is on the quality of people’s lives and not on the external circumstances of their humanity, which we accept comes in a variety of forms.
3. This church offers an educational component that challenges both the Christian tradition and the modern rejection of that tradition. A church without a significant adult education program will not endure. The Church school is run quite professionally by Dee Klicker, a former elementary school principal.
4. The music at this church is exquisite. This includes not only the adult and children’s choirs, but also the incredible talent of our young organist, Joshua Stafford. Music speaks to my soul, even as it transcends the boundaries of time and relates me to the holy.
5. This church serves its community in a wide variety of ways, making them a force for good. This church serves meals to the homeless every week. During Hurricane Sandy when our area was without power for close to a month, this church, which somehow retained its power, offered itself as a warming center to cold people and as a recharging center for computers and iphones. Ultimately, as the pain from that storm wore on this church began to offer meals, free of charge, three times a day for the duration of the power outage. These meals were prepared by community and church volunteers, who accomplished this task with donated food from peoples’ and restaurants freezers or purchased with donated money. The community came together in St. Peter’s Church.
Following the Newtown massacre, this church cooperated with the Morristown Police Department in a gun buy-back program and collected over 600 weapons, including assault rifles. These are just a few of the things that bind me so deeply and so happily to this church and to the Christianity it represents. I see Christianity lived out here with meaning.
I hope this helps.
John Shelby Spong
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