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                                          <h1 style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 61, 74); line-height: 100%; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 34px; font-weight: normal; display: block;">Charting
                                            A New Reformation </h1>
                                          <h2 style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: left; color: rgb(68, 135, 207); line-height: 100%; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 30px; font-weight: normal; display: block;">Part XVIII
                                            - The Fifth Thesis, Miracles
                                            (continued)</h2>
                                          

<div>Following the Exodus,
                                            Moses’ miraculous power was
                                            never again so powerfully
                                            displayed in the biblical
                                            story, but it did not
                                            disappear. In a battle
                                            against the Amalekites
                                            (Exod. 17:8-14) when Moses
                                            held his hands up, the
                                            Hebrew army won the day, but
                                            when fatigue forced him to
                                            lower his arms, his enemies
                                            prevailed. This problem was
                                            solved when Aaron and Hur
                                            stood by his side and held
                                            his arms up. God was still
                                            directing the affairs of
                                            human beings from above the
                                            sky and Moses was God’s
                                            vessel. Other nature
                                            miracles adorn the Moses
                                            story. When the Hebrew
                                            people had no food in the
                                            wilderness God, at Moses’
                                            request, rained heavenly
                                            bread called manna, upon
                                            them. When there was a
                                            shortage of water, Moses
                                            struck a rock at a place
                                            called Meribah and water
                                            flowed forth in abundance
                                            (Exod. 17:1-7). This was,
                                            however, a strange miracle
                                            for although God appears to
                                            have ordered it, a Hebrew
                                            norm was violated. Moses
                                            demanded that God bring
                                            water out of this rock. It
                                            was not proper for a human
                                            being to give God orders.
                                            The norm was for God to
                                            command and for human beings
                                            to obey. Moses had, quite
                                            improperly, put “God to the
                                            test.” God was not pleased.
                                            The story said that God had
                                            clothed Moses with
                                            miraculous power, but
                                            because of this serious
                                            indiscretion, Moses was to
                                            be punished by being forever
                                            prohibited from entering the
                                            “Promised Land.”</div>


                                          

<div>While miracles were clearly
                                            associated with the memory
                                            of Moses, it would not have
                                            occurred to anyone to speak
                                            of him as “the son of God.”
                                            He was simply a human
                                            channel through whom God’s
                                            power was allowed to work.
                                            There was no confusion of
                                            the medium with the message.
                                            Miraculous power belonged to
                                            God; it was not thought of
                                            as Moses’ possession.</div>


                                          

<div>When Moses died (Deut. 34),
                                            he was succeeded by Joshua,
                                            who had been his military
                                            captain. There is always
                                            great anxiety in a nation
                                            when it loses its leader,
                                            especially a long time and
                                            successful leader like
                                            Moses. One of the ways in
                                            the story-telling tradition
                                            of the Jews that anxiety was
                                            dissipated was to wrap
                                            stories about the deceased
                                            leader around his successor.
                                            The ancients did not see
                                            this as dishonest. What this
                                            practice was designed to do
                                            was to convey the message
                                            that the God of Moses was
                                            still with them, but now as
                                            the God of Joshua. So
                                            Joshua’s life was said to be
                                            marked with the same power
                                            that had once marked the
                                            life of Moses. The power to
                                            manipulate the forces of
                                            nature had been a sign of
                                            God’s presence with Moses.
                                            Moses had been portrayed as
                                            able to command the forces
                                            of nature. Joshua would now
                                            exhibit a similar power. He
                                            would command the sun to
                                            stand still in the sky on
                                            its journey around the earth
                                            (Joshua 10). This would
                                            enable Joshua’s army more
                                            daylight in which his
                                            soldiers were able to kill
                                            more retreating Amorites
                                            before they found safety
                                            under the cover of darkness.
                                            It was a power similar to
                                            that of Moses.</div>


                                          

<div>The second example was an
                                            even more obvious Moses
                                            story. Moses had split the
                                            waters of the Red Sea to
                                            allow the children of Israel
                                            to escape death at the hands
                                            of the Egyptians and to walk
                                            through that sea into the
                                            safety of the wilderness.
                                            Joshua confronted another
                                            body of water that impeded
                                            the Israelites’ progress.
                                            This time it was the Jordan
                                            River. Those who have seen
                                            the Jordan River are not
                                            impressed with either its
                                            size or its difficulty to
                                            navigate. In some seasons of
                                            the year, one can literally
                                            step across the tiny stream
                                            in the midst of the river
                                            basin. So the author of the
                                            book of Joshua had to
                                            heighten the size and degree
                                            of difficulty. He states
                                            that this miracle occurred
                                            when the river was in flood
                                            season and was a massive
                                            body of rushing water. In
                                            Moses-like fashion, Joshua
                                            stepped into this flooded
                                            river and the waters parted
                                            so that Joshua and his army
                                            could invade the territory
                                            populated by the Canaanites
                                            by walking on dry land. In
                                            these narratives, Joshua,
                                            like Moses, was seen as
                                            possessing supernatural
                                            power, but he too, was
                                            simply a vehicle, a channel,
                                            through which the miraculous
                                            power of God could be made
                                            available in human history.
                                            Thus, miracles in the Bible
                                            were originally not a sign
                                            of the human becoming
                                            divine, but rather the sign
                                            that God could work through
                                            a human life to establish
                                            God’s power over nature.</div>


                                          

<div>It would be about four
                                            hundred years before
                                            miracles would make a second
                                            appearance in the biblical
                                            story. Once again miracles
                                            were associated with the
                                            lives of Jewish heroes.
                                            These heroes were also a
                                            connected pair of figures,
                                            who were at the heart of
                                            Israel’s national life.</div>


                                          

<div>While Moses would become
                                            known as the father of the
                                            law, this man, Elijah, would
                                            become known as the father
                                            of Israel’s prophetic
                                            movement. He would be linked
                                            with his successor, Elisha,
                                            to form the second tandem to
                                            which miracles would be
                                            attached. What constituted a
                                            miracle, however, began to
                                            be greatly expanded.</div>


                                          

<div>First, there was in the
                                            lives of these two figures a
                                            repetition of the nature
                                            miracles that marked the
                                            previous heroes, Moses and
                                            Joshua. For example, Elijah
                                            and Elisha had the power to
                                            expand the food supply, a
                                            cruse of oil and a supply of
                                            grain were not diminished
                                            with use. Perhaps the most
                                            obvious sign of the
                                            continuity of the
                                            Moses-Joshua tradition was
                                            seen in that both Elijah and
                                            Elisha, when impeded from
                                            their goals by the Jordan
                                            River, responded by sweeping
                                            a mantle over the water of
                                            that river and standing back
                                            to watch the waters part,
                                            which enabled them to
                                            overcome this watery barrier
                                            and to walk across the river
                                            bed on dry land. This Moses
                                            story, wrapped originally
                                            around Israel’s founding
                                            hero at the Red Sea, was
                                            later wrapped around Joshua,
                                            then wrapped around Elijah
                                            and finally wrapped around
                                            Elisha. There are thus
                                            four-splitting-of-the-waters
                                            stories in the Hebrew
                                            Scriptures.</div>


                                          

<div>Other miraculous acts were
                                            attributed to this 8th
                                            century BCE duo of Jewish
                                            heroes. Elijah and Elisha
                                            could both perform
                                            supernatural acts of healing
                                            that were seen as miracles.
                                            Both were also said to be
                                            able to raise the dead.
                                            Elijah raised the only son
                                            of a widow from the dead.
                                            Elisha raised a child from
                                            the dead. So by the eighth
                                            century, before the Common
                                            Era, the Hebrew Scriptures
                                            spoke of the miraculous
                                            power being within the
                                            capability of the lives of
                                            the foremost heroes of
                                            Israel. Once again, it was
                                            God’s power acting through
                                            God’s servants in the Hebrew
                                            Scriptures, although
                                            increasingly as the stories
                                            were told, that power was
                                            more and more attributed to
                                            the people themselves.</div>


                                          

<div>After Elijah and Elisha, we
                                            note that miracles largely
                                            disappeared from the
                                            biblical story until the
                                            first century when they were
                                            told again, first about
                                            Jesus of Nazareth in the
                                            gospel tradition and then
                                            about his immediate
                                            successors, the apostles, in
                                            the book of Acts. The
                                            patterns were quite similar.
                                            The supernatural acts fell
                                            into three categories.
                                            First, there were nature
                                            miracles: the stilling of
                                            the storm and the ability to
                                            walk on water. There were
                                            also narratives about the
                                            ability to expand the food
                                            supply. Six times in the
                                            gospels an account was given
                                            of Jesus feeding an almost
                                            unlimited multitude — 5000
                                            on four occasions, 4000 on
                                            two occasions — with a
                                            limited number of loaves and
                                            fishes.</div>


                                          

<div>Next in the Jesus narrative
                                            were the raising of the dead
                                            stories, five to be specific
                                            are related in the four
                                            gospels, but only three
                                            people were said to have
                                            been raised from the dead.
                                            That was because the
                                            narrative of Jesus raising a
                                            child, the daughter of
                                            Jairus, from the dead, was
                                            told three times, once in
                                            Mark, once in Matthew and
                                            once in Luke. The details
                                            vary, but only slightly. The
                                            main story line is, however,
                                            almost identical with the
                                            account of Elisha raising a
                                            child from the dead. The
                                            second raising of the dead
                                            story is told only by Luke
                                            and involved Jesus raising
                                            from the dead the only son
                                            of a widow, which supposedly
                                            took place in the village of
                                            Nain. This narrative, upon a
                                            closer examination, appears
                                            to be based on the story of
                                            Elijah raising from the dead
                                            the only son of a widow. The
                                            third raising of the dead
                                            story is only told by John
                                            and is the familiar account
                                            of the raising the
                                            four-days-dead Lazarus, who
                                            was said to have literally
                                            walked out of his tomb. This
                                            story appears to have had no
                                            antecedent in the Hebrew
                                            Scriptures whatsoever, but
                                            perhaps it was based on
                                            Luke’s parable of Lazarus
                                            and the rich man. Finally
                                            there is a series of miracle
                                            stories associated with
                                            Jesus that are the most
                                            familiar of the miracle
                                            stories in the Bible. I
                                            refer to those narratives in
                                            which the blind are enabled
                                            to see, the deaf to hear,
                                            the mute to sing and the
                                            crippled or lame to leap.
                                            Many of these healing
                                            miracles are later
                                            attributed to the disciples
                                            in the book of Acts, which
                                            serve to give us the third
                                            pairing of miracles stories
                                            to keep the pattern intact.
                                            Clearly the same power,
                                            observed in Jesus, was said
                                            to have been present in the
                                            leaders of the early
                                            Christian Church.</div>


                                          

<div>Is there a source in the
                                            Hebrew Scriptures that might
                                            give meaning to this final
                                            type of healing miracles
                                            attributed to Jesus? I think
                                            there is. In the 35th
                                            chapter of Isaiah, the
                                            prophet is addressing the
                                            subject of the signs that
                                            will mark the emergence of
                                            the Kingdom of God on earth.
                                            This was, in apocalyptic
                                            Jewish thought, nothing less
                                            than the birth of the
                                            messianic age. Isaiah
                                            responded that the world
                                            would recognize the
                                            in-breaking of the Kingdom
                                            in these ways: water would
                                            flow in the desert, the
                                            crocuses would bloom in
                                            places where they had never
                                            bloomed before and human
                                            wholeness would appear in
                                            places that had been marked
                                            with human brokenness. That
                                            is “the blind would see, the
                                            deaf would hear, the mute
                                            would shout and the lame
                                            would leap.” For Isaiah
                                            these would be the signs
                                            that would signal the
                                            messiah’s arrival on earth
                                            to inaugurate the “Kingdom
                                            of God.” Are these miracle
                                            stories then interpretive
                                            signs rather than literal
                                            events? I think they are. We
                                            will pursue this
                                            conversation further next
                                            week, when we discover that
                                            Jesus himself is said to
                                            have made this
                                            identification. When one
                                            really reads the text of the
                                            gospels, much of the
                                            miraculous framework that we
                                            have traditionally placed on
                                            the Bible gives way to a
                                            very different
                                            understanding.</div>


                                          

<div>~John Shelby Spong</div>


                                          

<div>Read the essay online <a style="color: rgb(68, 135, 207); font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline;" href="http://johnshelbyspong.us2.list-manage.com/track/click?u=b51b9cf441b059bb232418480&id=c4f7c9b4ab&e=0471473479" target="_blank">here</a>.</div>


                                        </div>


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<div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px;">
                                          <h2 style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: left; color: rgb(68, 135, 207); line-height: 100%; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 30px; font-weight: normal; display: block;">Question
                                            & Answer</h2>
                                          

<div><span style="font-size: 18px;">Albert
                                              Ringewald of Cocoa Beach,
                                              Florida writes:</span></div>


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                                            Question:</h4>
                                          

<div>I would appreciate it if
                                            you could provide me with
                                            your views on Christian
                                            forgiveness.</div>


                                          

<div>It seems to me on this
                                            issue that Christians are
                                            all over the map. Some are
                                            quick to offer forgiveness
                                            as shown to us recently over
                                            closed circuit TV by the
                                            relatives of the nine
                                            victims of Charleston’s
                                            Emmanuel African Methodist
                                            Episcopal Church to the
                                            shooter, who specifically
                                            expressed no remorse during
                                            his court hearing; to the
                                            author, Roxanne Gay, who
                                            wrote in a New York Times
                                            Op-Ed (June 23, 2015) that
                                            her Catholic upbringing had
                                            taught her that “forgiveness
                                            requires reconciliation by
                                            way of confession and
                                            penance.” I think the almost
                                            instantaneous expression of
                                            forgiveness by the relatives
                                            of the church shooter’s
                                            victims perplexed many of us
                                            as sincere, yet somehow
                                            contrived because of its
                                            suddenness.”</div>


                                          

<div>Complicating matters
                                            further, Kristin Neff, out
                                            of the University of Texas,
                                            has written extensively
                                            about self-compassion and to
                                            forgive is to lay down the
                                            burden of anger toward the
                                            offender and thereby
                                            changing your role as
                                            “victim” to finding
                                            compassion for yourself and
                                            possibly even for the
                                            offender.</div>


                                          

<div>Finally, we seem to be
                                            taught the essentials of
                                            forgiveness through the
                                            parable of <em>“The
                                              Prodigal Son”</em>
                                            contained in the gospel of
                                            Luke, in which the father
                                            forgives the wayward son
                                            only after the son
                                            acknowledges his wrongdoings
                                            and begs for forgiveness.
                                            Would forgiveness have been
                                            proffered by the father
                                            without contrition on the
                                            part of the son?</div>


                                          

<div>Does forgiveness require
                                            acknowledgement of the wrong
                                            doing by the offender? Does
                                            forgiveness require the
                                            offender to ask for it in
                                            order that it be effective?
                                            Psychologists are quick to
                                            describe the benefits of
                                            forgiveness, but they fail
                                            to describe the
                                            requirements, if any.</div>


                                          

<div> </div>


                                          <h4 style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: left; color: rgb(68, 135, 207); line-height: 100%; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 22px; font-weight: normal; display: block;">Answer:</h4>
                                          

<div>Dear Albert,</div>


                                          

<div>Thank you for your
                                            questions and for posing the
                                            issue so powerfully with
                                            your very contemporary
                                            examples. Let me try to
                                            separate the wheat from the
                                            chaff. First forgiveness is
                                            in my opinion, ultimately a
                                            godlike response. As such it
                                            is freely given, always
                                            available and requires
                                            nothing. Our ability to
                                            receive or to access this
                                            ever-present forgiveness may
                                            require repentance and an
                                            attempt at restitution, but
                                            that is a requirement of our
                                            receptiveness, it is not a
                                            requirement located in
                                            forgiveness itself. So it
                                            seems to me that the
                                            families of the victims of
                                            the shooting in the
                                            Charleston, S.C. African
                                            Methodist Episcopal Church
                                            acted out of a profound
                                            understanding of what the
                                            forgiveness of God is like.
                                            It was that very powerful
                                            witness to this ultimate
                                            meaning of forgiveness that
                                            moved the people of South
                                            Carolina to look at their
                                            own behavior vis-à-vis
                                            people of African descent
                                            and to bring to the ground
                                            the long-flying flags of the
                                            Confederacy. The forgiveness
                                            of God, which they
                                            articulated, does not
                                            require confession from the
                                            guilty one in order for it
                                            to be given; but it may
                                            require confession in order
                                            for that forgiveness to be
                                            received by the guilty one
                                            to whom it was so freely
                                            offered.</div>


                                          

<div>That is the picture of
                                            forgiveness I find in the
                                            New Testament. In the
                                            episode of the woman taken
                                            in the act of adultery,
                                            forgiveness is offered long
                                            before she was told, “go and
                                            sin no more.” Jesus is
                                            portrayed in Luke as
                                            offering forgiveness to the
                                            soldiers who crucified him.
                                            There is no indication that
                                            he required them to repent
                                            first. Forgiveness is a gift
                                            of God. It is grace; no
                                            prerequisites are required.</div>


                                          

<div>The life of Jesus reveals
                                            this to me quite powerfully.
                                            He was betrayed and he loved
                                            his betrayer. He was denied
                                            and he loved his denier. He
                                            was forsaken and he loved
                                            those who forsook him. He
                                            was tortured and he loved
                                            his torturers. He was
                                            murdered and he loved his
                                            murderers. That is a
                                            portrait of the forgiveness
                                            of God being lived out in a
                                            human life. What the God
                                            presence in Jesus says to
                                            each of us is this: “There
                                            is nothing you can do and
                                            nothing you can be that will
                                            place you outside the
                                            boundaries of God’s love.”
                                            We are loved as the hymn
                                            says: “Just as I am without
                                            one plea.”</div>


                                          

<div>It is not your business or
                                            mine to judge whether
                                            forgiveness is deserved. It
                                            is not your business or mine
                                            to determine whether
                                            repentance is adequate.
                                            Those are the results of the
                                            rules of religion that often
                                            appear to have been elevated
                                            to a status they have never
                                            merited.</div>


                                          

<div>Even in the parable of the
                                            Prodigal Son, which you
                                            cite, the wayward son “comes
                                            to himself,” that is, he
                                            turns toward the forgiveness
                                            that was always there even
                                            when he could not see it.</div>


                                          

<div>It is human to judge, but
                                            judging is finally an act of
                                            idolatry. It assumes that
                                            you have the right to judge.
                                            It assumes that you can
                                            place limits on the
                                            forgiveness of God. It
                                            assumes that your
                                            righteousness is greater
                                            than God’s righteousness.
                                            The response of religion is
                                            never to be identified with
                                            the response of God.
                                            Religion gave us
                                            anti-Semitism, the
                                            Muslim-hating Crusades, the
                                            moralistic Puritans, the
                                            justification of slavery,
                                            segregation and Apartheid,
                                            the diminution of women and
                                            the repression of homosexual
                                            persons. Judgment arises out
                                            of the human tendency to
                                            place onto God the limits
                                            that you yourself cannot
                                            transcend.</div>


                                          

<div>“How often shall my brother
                                            sin against me and I forgive
                                            him?” asked the disciples.
                                            Then trying to answer their
                                            own question, they said,
                                            “until seven times?” Jesus’
                                            response was “Until seventy
                                            times seven.” Did he mean
                                            that we must forgive 490
                                            times, but not 491? No, he
                                            was calling his disciples
                                            beyond any limits because
                                            forgiveness with limits is
                                            never forgiveness.</div>


                                          

<div>There are no requirements
                                            in the forgiveness of God.
                                            That is the truth that calls
                                            you and me beyond our own
                                            limits and beyond the
                                            perilous suggestion that you
                                            or I have the right to judge
                                            anyone.</div>


                                          

<div>~John Shelby Spong</div>


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                                          <h2 style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: left; color: rgb(68, 135, 207); line-height: 100%; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 30px; font-weight: normal; display: block;">Announcements</h2>
                                          

<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 22px;"><strong>Meet
                                                Bishop Spong at a
                                                private VIP reception</strong></span><br>


                                            <br>


                                            <span style="font-size: 20px;">Bishop
                                              Spong will be the keynote
                                              speaker at the upcoming <a style="color: rgb(68, 135, 207); font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline;" href="http://johnshelbyspong.us2.list-manage.com/track/click?u=b51b9cf441b059bb232418480&id=7f0024cc58&e=0471473479" target="_blank">Death and
                                                Afterlife Awareness
                                                Conference</a> in St.
                                              Louis, May 12-15, 2016.<br>


                                              <br>


                                              He will also be the guest
                                              of honor at an intimate
                                              VIP reception limited to
                                              only 30 guests.<br>


                                              <br>


                                              This is a rare opportunity
                                              to meet at chat with him,
                                              so reserve your tickets
                                              early!  </span><br>


                                            <br>


                                            <a style="color: rgb(68, 135, 207); font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline;" href="http://johnshelbyspong.us2.list-manage.com/track/click?u=b51b9cf441b059bb232418480&id=5829c0afc8&e=0471473479" target="_blank">Click here for
                                              details!</a></div>


                                          

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