<font color='black' size='2' face='Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif'>
<div><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent;"></font> </div>

<div> </div>

<div> </div>

<div style="color: black; font-family: arial,helvetica; font-size: 10pt;"><br>




<div id="AOLMsgPart_1_fd624126-ace1-4ff6-a9f5-31bbe2fa9c15">

  

    
  
  
<div class="aolReplacedBody" text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><br>

      
      
      
      
      <style>#AOLMsgPart_1_fd624126-ace1-4ff6-a9f5-31bbe2fa9c15 td{color: black;}    .aolReplacedBody #outlook a{    padding:0;   }   .aolReplacedBody  {    width:100% !important;   }   .aolReplacedBody  {    -webkit-text-size-adjust:none;   }   .aolReplacedBody  {    margin:0;    padding:0;   }   .aolReplacedBody img{    border:none;    font-size:14px;    font-weight:bold;    height:auto;    line-height:100%;    outline:none;    text-decoration:none;    text-transform:capitalize;   }   .aolReplacedBody #backgroundTable{    height:100% !important;    margin:0;    padding:0;    width:100% !important;   }   .aolReplacedBody  ,.aolReplacedBody #backgroundTable{    background-color:#FAFAFA;   }   .aolReplacedBody #templateContainer{    border:1px solid #4487cf;   }   .aolReplacedBody h1,.aolReplacedBody .h1{    color:#202020;    display:block;    font-family:Arial;    font-size:34px;    font-weight:bold;    line-height:100%;    margin-top:0;    margin-right:0;    margin-bottom:10px;    margin-left:0;    text-align:left;   }   .aolReplacedBody h2,.aolReplacedBody .h2{    color:#202020;    display:block;    font-family:Arial;    font-size:30px;    font-weight:bold;    line-height:100%;    margin-top:0;    margin-right:0;    margin-bottom:10px;    margin-left:0;    text-align:left;   }   .aolReplacedBody h3,.aolReplacedBody .h3{    color:#202020;    display:block;    font-family:Arial;    font-size:26px;    font-weight:bold;    line-height:100%;    margin-top:0;    margin-right:0;    margin-bottom:10px;    margin-left:0;    text-align:left;   }   .aolReplacedBody h4,.aolReplacedBody .h4{    color:#202020;    display:block;    font-family:Arial;    font-size:22px;    font-weight:bold;    line-height:100%;    margin-top:0;    margin-right:0;    margin-bottom:10px;    margin-left:0;    text-align:left;   }   .aolReplacedBody h5,.aolReplacedBody .h5{    color:#202020;    display:block;    font-family:Arial;    font-size:12px;    font-weight:bold;    line-height:100%;    margin-top:15px;    margin-right:0;    margin-bottom:10px;    margin-left:0;    text-align:left;    text-transform:uppercase;   }   .aolReplacedBody #templatePreheader{    background-color:#ffffff;   }   .aolReplacedBody .preheaderContent div{    color:#505050;    font-family:Arial;    font-size:10px;    line-height:100%;    text-align:left;   }   .aolReplacedBody .preheaderContent div a:link,.aolReplacedBody .preheaderContent div a:visited{    color:#336699;    font-weight:normal;    text-decoration:underline;   }   .aolReplacedBody #templateHeader{    background-color:#D8E2EA;    border-bottom:0;   }   .aolReplacedBody .headerContent{    color:#202020;    font-family:Arial;    font-size:34px;    font-weight:bold;    line-height:100%;    padding:0;    text-align:center;    vertical-align:middle;   }   .aolReplacedBody .headerContent a:link,.aolReplacedBody .headerContent a:visited{    color:#336699;    font-weight:normal;    text-decoration:underline;   }   .aolReplacedBody #headerImage{    height:auto;    max-width:600px !important;   }   .aolReplacedBody #templateContainer,.aolReplacedBody .bodyContent{    background-color:#FDFDFD;   }   .aolReplacedBody .bodyContent div{    color:#000000;    font-family:Georgia;    font-size:16px;    line-height:150%;    text-align:left;   }   .aolReplacedBody .bodyContent div a:link,.aolReplacedBody .bodyContent div a:visited{    color:#336699;    font-weight:normal;    text-decoration:underline;   }   .aolReplacedBody .bodyContent img{    display:inline;    height:auto;   }   .aolReplacedBody #templateFooter{    background-color:#FDFDFD;    border-top:0;   }   .aolReplacedBody .footerContent div{    color:#707070;    font-family:Arial;    font-size:12px;    line-height:125%;    text-align:left;   }   .aolReplacedBody .footerContent div a:link,.aolReplacedBody .footerContent div a:visited{    color:#336699;    font-weight:normal;    text-decoration:underline;   }   .aolReplacedBody .footerContent img{    display:inline;   }   .aolReplacedBody #social{    background-color:#FAFAFA;    border:0;   }   .aolReplacedBody #social div{    text-align:center;   }   .aolReplacedBody #utility{    background-color:#FDFDFD;    border:1px dashed #d3d3d3;   }   .aolReplacedBody #utility div{    text-align:center;   }   .aolReplacedBody #monkeyRewards img{    max-width:190px;   }   .aolReplacedBody  ,.aolReplacedBody #backgroundTable{    background-color:#ffffff;   }   .aolReplacedBody h1,.aolReplacedBody .h1{    color:#003d4a;    font-family:Georgia;    font-weight:normal;   }   .aolReplacedBody h2,.aolReplacedBody .h2{    color:#4487cf;    font-family:Georgia;    font-weight:normal;   }   .aolReplacedBody h3,.aolReplacedBody .h3{    color:#4487cf;    font-family:Georgia;    font-weight:normal;   }   .aolReplacedBody h4,.aolReplacedBody .h4{    color:#4487cf;    font-family:Georgia;    font-weight:normal;   }   .aolReplacedBody .preheaderContent div a:link,.aolReplacedBody .preheaderContent div a:visited{    color:#4487cf;    text-decoration:none;   }   .aolReplacedBody .headerNavigation div a:link,.aolReplacedBody .headerNavigation div a:visited{    color:#4487cf;    text-decoration:none;   }   .aolReplacedBody .headerContent a:link,.aolReplacedBody .headerContent a:visited{    text-decoration:none;   }   .aolReplacedBody #templateContainer,.aolReplacedBody .bodyContent{    background-color:#ffffff;   }   .aolReplacedBody .bodyContent div a:link,.aolReplacedBody .bodyContent div a:visited{    color:#4487cf;   } </style>
<div class="moz-forward-container">
      <center>
        <table width="100%" height="100%" id="backgroundTable" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 100% !important; height: 100% !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                
                <table width="600" id="templatePreheader" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
                  <tbody>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="preheaderContent" valign="top">
                        
                        <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
                          <tbody>
                            <tr>
                              <td valign="top">
                                
<div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); line-height: 100%; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px;"><br>

                                </div>

                              </td>
                              <td width="190" valign="top">
                                
<div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); line-height: 100%; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px;"><a style="color: rgb(68, 135, 207); font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none;" href="http://johnshelbyspong.us2.list-manage1.com/track/click?u=b51b9cf441b059bb232418480&id=70fb272b58&e=0471473479" target="_blank"><img width="190" height="37" align="none" style="margin: 0px; border: currentColor; width: 190px; height: 37px; text-transform: capitalize; line-height: 100%; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;" src="http://gallery.mailchimp.com/b51b9cf441b059bb232418480/images/print.png"></a></div>

                              </td>
                            </tr>
                          </tbody>
                        </table>
                         </td>
                    </tr>
                  </tbody>
                </table>
                
                <table width="600" id="templateContainer" style="border: 1px solid rgb(68, 135, 207); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
                  <tbody>
                    <tr>
                      <td align="center" valign="top">
                        
                        <table width="600" id="templateHeader" style="border-bottom-color: currentColor; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; background-color: rgb(216, 226, 234);" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
                          <tbody>
                            <tr>
                              <td class="headerContent" style="padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(32, 32, 32); line-height: 100%; font-family: Arial; font-size: 34px; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle;">
                                
                                <img style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: currentColor; height: auto; text-transform: capitalize; line-height: 100%; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; max-width: 600px;" alt="" src="http://gallery.mailchimp.com/b51b9cf441b059bb232418480/images/newsletter_header.png" border="0">
                                
                              </td>
                            </tr>
                            <tr>
                              <td class="headerNavigation" valign="top">
                                
<div>
                                  <h5 style="margin: 15px 0px 10px; text-align: left; color: rgb(32, 32, 32); text-transform: uppercase; line-height: 100%; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; display: block;">     <a style="color: rgb(68, 135, 207); text-decoration: none;" href="http://johnshelbyspong.us2.list-manage.com/track/click?u=b51b9cf441b059bb232418480&id=7b6f9cc73c&e=0471473479" target="_blank">Homepage</a>        <a style="color: rgb(68, 135, 207); text-decoration: none;" href="http://johnshelbyspong.us2.list-manage.com/track/click?u=b51b9cf441b059bb232418480&id=a1064ae2ef&e=0471473479" target="_blank">My
                                      Profile</a>        <a style="color: rgb(68, 135, 207); text-decoration: none;" href="http://johnshelbyspong.us2.list-manage.com/track/click?u=b51b9cf441b059bb232418480&id=bffe751260&e=0471473479" target="_blank">Essay
                                      Archive</a>       <a style="color: rgb(68, 135, 207); text-decoration: none;" href="http://johnshelbyspong.us2.list-manage.com/track/click?u=b51b9cf441b059bb232418480&id=fd2403c70f&e=0471473479" target="_blank">Message
                                      Boards</a>       <a style="color: rgb(68, 135, 207); text-decoration: none;" href="http://johnshelbyspong.us2.list-manage.com/track/click?u=b51b9cf441b059bb232418480&id=f1c3d204b9&e=0471473479" target="_blank">Calendar</a></h5>
                                </div>

                              </td>
                            </tr>
                          </tbody>
                        </table>
                         </td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                      <td align="center" valign="top">
                        
                        <table width="600" id="templateBody" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
                          <tbody>
                            <tr>
                              <td class="bodyContent" valign="top" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
                                
                                <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="20">
                                  <tbody>
                                    <tr>
                                      <td valign="top">
                                        
<div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px;">
                                          <h1 style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 61, 74); line-height: 100%; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 34px; font-weight: normal; display: block;">Part
                                            XXIX Matthew <br>

                                            Did Jesus Really Walk on
                                            Water?<br>

                                            Of Course Not!</h1>
                                          
<div>Sandwiched between
                                            Matthew’s two stories of
                                            Jesus feeding the multitude
                                            is another popular tale in
                                            the gospels. It is the
                                            account of Jesus walking on
                                            the water. Interestingly
                                            enough, in each of the four
                                            gospels this walking on the
                                            water story is coupled with
                                            the feeding of the
                                            multitudes. All of the
                                            gospel writers will treat
                                            these two stories as a pair.
                                            That is the first clue to
                                            their meaning. It is clear
                                            that among the early
                                            followers of Jesus these
                                            stories were deeply linked.
                                            If the feeding of the
                                            multitude accounts reflects
                                            an updated version of Moses
                                            providing manna in the
                                            wilderness to the Children
                                            of Israel, is it possible
                                            that the walking on the
                                            water story is an updated
                                            version of Moses splitting
                                            the Red Sea? I think that
                                            this is highly probable and
                                            it is exactly this
                                            connection, which opens the
                                            story of Jesus walking on
                                            the water to its original
                                            Jewish meaning. It is a
                                            narrative that was never
                                            meant to be read literally.</div>

                                          
<div>These two Jesus stories
                                            correspond then to the two
                                            great events in Moses’ life.
                                            Earlier in this Matthew
                                            series we saw how the
                                            baptism of Jesus was made to
                                            re-enact Moses’ Red Sea
                                            experience. We then noted
                                            that the account of Jesus’
                                            forty days of being tempted
                                            in the wilderness was
                                            paralleled with Moses’ forty
                                            years in the wilderness,
                                            indeed the crises Moses
                                            faced were almost identical
                                            with the temptations that
                                            Jesus faced. In the folklore
                                            of the Jewish people, the
                                            power of Moses over water
                                            was clearly and regularly
                                            established. Jesus, if he
                                            was to fulfill the messianic
                                            image of being the “New
                                            Moses,” needed to have a
                                            similar story in which power
                                            over water was attributed to
                                            him. The ability to walk on
                                            water served that purpose
                                            very well. The close
                                            connection of Jesus feeding
                                            the multitudes and walking
                                            on water with Moses sending
                                            “mamma” in the wilderness
                                            and splitting the “Red Sea”
                                            screams at us to open our
                                            eyes to their original
                                            Jewish meaning. For Matthew,
                                            neither the feeding of the
                                            multitude nor Jesus walking
                                            on the water was meant to be
                                            read as a miracle story.
                                            They were Moses stories.
                                            Only later Gentiles, unaware
                                            of their Jewish meaning,
                                            would ever have thought of
                                            either one as a supernatural
                                            act that had actually taken
                                            place in real history. Jesus
                                            refused, time after time, to
                                            provide a “sign” to his
                                            critics. Indeed that kind of
                                            activity was overtly
                                            rejected in Matthew’s
                                            temptation narrative. Being
                                            the messiah does not mean
                                            putting God to the test with
                                            daring acts of supernatural
                                            power, like hurling ones
                                            self off the pinnacle of the
                                            Temple.</div>

                                          
<div>The walking on the water
                                            story is itself memorable.
                                            Like few biblical tales, it
                                            has insinuated itself into
                                            the life of our culture.
                                            Even those who never go to
                                            church will know this story.
                                            There are thousands of golf
                                            jokes that turn on Jesus’ or
                                            God’s ability to walk on
                                            water. Most clergy have
                                            heard them all!</div>

                                          
<div>My favorite walking on the
                                            water story comes, however,
                                            not out of golf, but out of
                                            baseball. It involves people
                                            deep in the history of the
                                            New York Yankees, a team to
                                            which I am more than just a
                                            little bit devoted. This
                                            story happened some time ago
                                            when the owner of the
                                            Yankees, George
                                            Steinbrenner, was still
                                            alive and at the height of
                                            his power. The Yankees had
                                            acquired from the Kansas
                                            City Royals in a trade a
                                            promising outfielder named
                                            Lou Piniella. Arriving in
                                            the Bronx to join his new
                                            team, Piniella appeared with
                                            long hair and a heavy beard.
                                            When he was told that it was
                                            Yankee policy for players to
                                            have their hair short and to
                                            restrict facial hair to a
                                            neat moustache, Piniella
                                            objected. He was then told
                                            that he would have to speak
                                            to Mr. Steinbrenner about
                                            that, since only the owner
                                            could exempt a player from
                                            this team policy. So a time
                                            was set for this
                                            long-haired, bearded
                                            Piniella to talk with Yankee
                                            owner, George Steinbrenner.
                                            It would be their first
                                            meeting.</div>

                                          
<div>“I don’t see why I have to
                                            cut my hair and shave my
                                            beard just to play for the
                                            Yankees,” Piniella told the
                                            owner. Then, trying to
                                            strengthen his case,
                                            Piniella added, “Jesus
                                            Christ, the greatest person
                                            who ever lived, had long
                                            hair and a beard.” George
                                            Steinbrenner invited his
                                            balky left-fielder to go
                                            with him outside Yankee
                                            Stadium to where the East
                                            River was flowing lazily
                                            through New York City. Then
                                            Mr. Steinbrenner spoke and
                                            said, “Lou, Jesus Christ
                                            could walk on water. Now if
                                            you can walk on the top of
                                            this river, then you can
                                            keep your hair and your
                                            beard!” Piniella went to the
                                            barber for a shave and a
                                            haircut and then he went on
                                            to become a crucial part of
                                            Yankee success for years,
                                            finally finishing his career
                                            as one of baseball’s finest
                                            managers in New York,
                                            Cincinnati, Seattle, Tamps
                                            Bay and Chicago.</div>

                                          
<div>While the story of Jesus
                                            walking on the water has
                                            become part of our cultural
                                            landscape, is there any
                                            reason to believe that it
                                            ever happened? I do not
                                            think so. Those like
                                            Matthew, who were familiar
                                            with the Jewish Scriptures
                                            and with the Jewish
                                            story-telling tradition,
                                            recognized this narrative
                                            for what it was, an
                                            interpretive Moses story.
                                            Moses had power over water.
                                            He could split the Red Sea.
                                            To portray Jesus as walking
                                            on the water would assert
                                            that Jesus also had power
                                            over water. That was the
                                            purpose of this narrative.
                                            To be more specific, the
                                            story of Jesus walking on
                                            the water was a Red Sea
                                            story magnified and repeated
                                            about Jesus.</div>

                                          
<div>It comes in Matthew’s
                                            gospel between the feeding
                                            of the 5000 and the feeding
                                            of the 4000. When the first
                                            feeding story was complete,
                                            Matthew had Jesus send the
                                            disciples in a boat across
                                            the lake ahead of him while
                                            he dispersed the crowds.
                                            Then Matthew says that Jesus
                                            “went up the mountain alone
                                            to pray.” By this time the
                                            boat, carrying the
                                            disciples, was “many
                                            furlongs from the land”
                                            (Matt. 14:24). Their boat,
                                            however, had encountered a
                                            storm and it was being
                                            beaten by the waves. The
                                            wind was also against it.
                                            So, “in the fourth watch of
                                            the night” (that would be
                                            between 3:00 and 6:00 am)
                                            Matthew says, “Jesus came to
                                            them walking on the water”
                                            (Matt 14:25). Matthew’s
                                            clear message to the church
                                            of his day was that Jesus
                                            always comes when life’s
                                            struggles are the hardest.
                                            The disciples seeing him,
                                            however, thought they were
                                            seeing a ghost. Is this a
                                            hint of their later Easter
                                            experience? Possibly. Jesus
                                            speaks, identifying himself,
                                            telling them not to fear.
                                            Then Matthew adds a wrinkle
                                            to his story, found nowhere
                                            else in any New Testament
                                            book. Peter seeks further
                                            identification of this
                                            ghost-like figure. Peter is
                                            always in a struggle to
                                            understand Jesus in this
                                            gospel. He believes and then
                                            he does not believe. He
                                            confesses that Jesus is the
                                            Christ and then he
                                            completely misunderstands
                                            what the Christ function is.
                                            He pledges his undying
                                            loyalty and then when his
                                            life is at risk he denies
                                            ever knowing Jesus. So Peter
                                            in this Matthean episode
                                            steps forward to test his
                                            senses and his perception.
                                            “Lord, if it is you,” he is
                                            clearly not convinced, “bid
                                            me to come to you on the
                                            water.” That would be a good
                                            proof of identification.
                                            Jesus bids him to come;
                                            Peter steps out of the boat
                                            and he too walks upon the
                                            water! The power of Jesus
                                            can be the power of the
                                            disciples. That is the
                                            message and it was a timely
                                            one when Matthew was writing
                                            and Jesus’ followers were
                                            under the great pressure of
                                            persecution.</div>

                                          
<div>As soon as Peter saw the
                                            waves and felt the wind,
                                            however, he became afraid
                                            and began to sink. “Lord,
                                            save me!” he cried out.
                                            Jesus extended his hand to
                                            Peter, held him up and said:
                                            “O man of little faith, why
                                            did you doubt?” Then they
                                            both got into the boat and
                                            at that moment the winds
                                            ceased. Matthew added to his
                                            text the story’s purpose,
                                            namely that those in the
                                            boat now “worshiped him” and
                                            confessed him to be “the Son
                                            of God” (Matt: 14:33).</div>

                                          
<div>Once again, just like the
                                            feeding stories, this is a
                                            parable, not a literal
                                            event. No one defies nature
                                            and gravity to walk on water
                                            or to enable five loaves to
                                            feed a multitude. Matthew’s
                                            readers knew that. So what
                                            he is doing is portraying
                                            Jesus as possessing
                                            Moses-like power. Moses had
                                            the power to split the water
                                            so that he could form a path
                                            through it on dry land.
                                            Jesus’ power was even
                                            greater. He could navigate
                                            the water by walking on its
                                            surface. In this story the
                                            message was that the
                                            disciples saw God in Jesus
                                            in a new and powerful way.
                                            They then did what Jews
                                            would do only to God: They
                                            worshiped him, thus
                                            acknowledging him to be part
                                            of who God is. Jesus’ divine
                                            nature was so apparent,
                                            Matthew was suggesting, that
                                            the people sought just to be
                                            in his presence in a crisis
                                            and to see a vision of him
                                            coming to them when they
                                            were in distress. Matthew
                                            was describing the
                                            disciples’ faith in Jesus,
                                            not an event that actually
                                            happened. Remember, that
                                            when we put this story into
                                            its literal history, Jesus
                                            was yet to be betrayed, to
                                            be denied and to be
                                            abandoned by the members of
                                            the Twelve. Matthew was
                                            rather portraying the
                                            growing faith of the
                                            Christians at the time he
                                            was writing some 55 years
                                            after the crucifixion. The
                                            idea of messiah as a “God
                                            presence” was still
                                            evolving. As the post-Jesus
                                            Christian community endured
                                            the storms of life and their
                                            times of trial, sometimes
                                            their confidence
                                            disappeared. Like children
                                            stepping out from the
                                            security of their parents’
                                            home, they were not sure
                                            they could make it without
                                            Jesus being physically
                                            present. Matthew assures us,
                                            however that they will reach
                                            the security of the shore.</div>

                                          
<div>When they do arrive there,
                                            however, they find the
                                            Pharisees and the Scribes
                                            have descended to a new
                                            level of religious trivia.
                                            Their chief worry concerned
                                            why the disciples were
                                            abandoning the religious
                                            traditions: they did not
                                            wash their hands before
                                            eating nor honor their
                                            elders. Jesus and his
                                            disciples, they charged,
                                            were making “void” the
                                            literal word of God.</div>

                                          
<div>Jesus is then made to call
                                            his critics hypocrites. He
                                            talks about the difference
                                            between external religious
                                            forms and internal religious
                                            faith. Peter, above all,
                                            still doesn’t get it.
                                            Nothing seems to work for
                                            Peter. Even seeing Moses’
                                            power in Jesus was not
                                            sufficient. Those who cling
                                            to religious rules for their
                                            meaning will never know a
                                            change of heart.</div>

                                          
<div>The story then moves on to
                                            one of the great iconic
                                            figures in this gospel’s
                                            narrative. She is a
                                            Canaanite woman. The
                                            boundaries of religion are
                                            about to be expanded anew.
                                            Stay tuned.</div>

                                          
<div>John Shelby Spong</div>

                                          
<div>Read the essay online <a style="color: rgb(68, 135, 207); font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline;" href="http://johnshelbyspong.us2.list-manage.com/track/click?u=b51b9cf441b059bb232418480&id=23b78b87b9&e=0471473479" target="_blank">here</a>.</div>

                                        </div>

                                      </td>
                                    </tr>
                                  </tbody>
                                </table>
                                
                                
                                <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="20">
                                  <tbody>
                                    <tr>
                                      <td valign="top">
                                        
<div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px;">
                                          <h2 style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: left; color: rgb(68, 135, 207); line-height: 100%; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 30px; font-weight: normal; display: block;">Question
                                            & Answer</h2>
                                          
<div>Ed Branthaver, via the
                                            Internet, writes:</div>

                                          <h4 style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: left; color: rgb(68, 135, 207); line-height: 100%; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 22px; font-weight: normal; display: block;">Question:</h4>
                                          
<div>In November I will be 76
                                            years old. I grew up in one
                                            of the historic Peace
                                            churches – the Church of the
                                            Brethren, which I attended
                                            from childhood through my
                                            adult years. The
                                            congregations I attended
                                            were conservative, but not
                                            of the “Literalist” bent.
                                            Even during my college years
                                            and beyond I was unable to
                                            understand the gospels. None
                                            of my considerable studies
                                            proved to be of significant
                                            help. Not until I
                                            accidentally found your
                                            book: <em>Why Christianity
                                              Must Change or Die?</em>
                                            did I find a ray of light
                                            and an individual who wrote
                                            in a fashion that I could
                                            understand. Since then, I
                                            have purchased almost
                                            everything you have written
                                            and I subscribe to your
                                            weekly e-messages. You have
                                            helped me immeasurably to
                                            make sense of what has been
                                            a mystery to me for a long
                                            time. Thank you.
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>In your article “Christ and
                                            the Body of Christ” in the
                                            2000 issue of “The Once and
                                            Future Jesus,” you write
                                            “God is real for me, a
                                            mythical, indefinable
                                            presence which I can
                                            experience but never
                                            explain.” Further in THE
                                            FUTURE OF THE CHRISTIAN
                                            TRADITION (“Beyond Theism
                                            but not Beyond God”) you
                                            identify God with the real
                                            and present “life force” in
                                            the universe (love). My very
                                            good friend, a former
                                            fundamentalist Christian
                                            turned atheist, claims that
                                            because you do not define
                                            God as a deity or Supreme
                                            Being, you are in fact an
                                            atheist (according to the
                                            dictionary definition) even
                                            though you said you could
                                            accept the label Christian
                                            Humanist. Could you explain
                                            to me and to my atheist
                                            friend how you can maintain
                                            your status as a Christian
                                            while at the same time meet
                                            the “dictionary definition”
                                            of an atheist?</div>

                                          <h4 style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: left; color: rgb(68, 135, 207); line-height: 100%; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 22px; font-weight: normal; display: block;">Answer:</h4>
                                          
<div>Dear Ed,
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>Thank you for your letter
                                            and congratulations on 76
                                            years. I am happy to respond
                                            to your inquiry.
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>For me it is simple: the
                                            dictionary definition of the
                                            word “atheist” is wrong. An
                                            atheist is not literally one
                                            who says there is no God. An
                                            atheist is one who says
                                            there is no God who can be
                                            defined in theistic terms!
                                            That is a crucial
                                            difference. Theism is not
                                            God; Theism is a human
                                            definition of God, one which
                                            defines God as a “being,
                                            supernatural in power,
                                            dwelling somewhere outside
                                            the world and capable of
                                            invading human history in
                                            miraculous ways.” It is this
                                            theistic deity who died in
                                            the intellectual revolution
                                            that began with Copernicus
                                            and Galileo, who were the
                                            first to introduce us to the
                                            dimensions of space and, in
                                            the process, destroyed the
                                            idea of a three-tiered
                                            universe in which the
                                            theistic God was conceived.
                                            God’s dwelling place outside
                                            this world was simply
                                            removed.
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>Next the work of Isaac
                                            Newton showed us how the
                                            laws of the universe
                                            operated with such
                                            mathematical precision that
                                            the realm in which the
                                            theistic God was thought to
                                            operate began to shrink
                                            perceptibly. The things we
                                            once called miracles and
                                            magic are now explained
                                            without reference to
                                            supernatural causes. The
                                            weather and human sickness
                                            were both demystified and we
                                            understood the causes of
                                            hurricanes, earthquakes,
                                            floods and drought on one
                                            side and coronary
                                            occlusions, strokes, cancer
                                            and infections on the other.
                                            The prayers for rain and for
                                            sickness, which grew out of
                                            a theistic definition of
                                            God, were dropped and
                                            replaced. Instead of praying
                                            for rain we now consult the
                                            meteorologists. Instead of
                                            asking God to heal us or our
                                            loved ones we turn to
                                            antibiotics, surgery,
                                            chemotherapy and radiation.
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>In time, Charles Darwin
                                            taught us about the origins
                                            of both the universe and
                                            life and his insights
                                            challenged the way
                                            Christians once postulated
                                            their primary way of telling
                                            the Christian story. That
                                            traditional story involved
                                            us in asserting that there
                                            was an original perfection,
                                            followed by a fall into sin,
                                            which then required the need
                                            for a rescuing act of
                                            redemption, which was
                                            presumably accomplished in
                                            Jesus. Jesus thus became the
                                            incarnation of the theistic
                                            deity. It was a fascinating
                                            way to tell the Jesus story,
                                            but it was quite pre-modern.
                                            That kind of religious
                                            language no longer
                                            translates into reality for
                                            us, but most Christians
                                            never learned that there was
                                            any other language that we
                                            could use. Freud and
                                            Einstein then added their
                                            unique insights to our
                                            expanding knowledge and all
                                            of these things together
                                            meant that the human
                                            definition of God that we
                                            call “theism” became
                                            irrelevant to our educated
                                            minds.
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>The question then is does
                                            God die when theism dies? I
                                            don’t think so. The theistic
                                            definition of God is a human
                                            construct and all human
                                            constructs ultimately die.
                                            It also means that, much
                                            more than we once thought,
                                            claims once believed to be
                                            absolutely necessary to
                                            religion, will also
                                            inevitably die. I refer to
                                            such irrational ideas as the
                                            concept of infallible Popes
                                            and inerrant scriptures and
                                            whether or not there is “one
                                            true faith” and “one true
                                            church.” It means we have to
                                            recognize that the human
                                            mind can never define or
                                            contain the ultimate mystery
                                            to which human beings refer
                                            when they say the word
                                            “God.” It means that our God
                                            language will become less
                                            concrete and more mystical.
                                            It will mean, inevitably,
                                            that we will be less certain
                                            and, shall I say, “vaguer”
                                            in the God language we use.
                                            It means that concepts like
                                            “Christian atheist” or
                                            “believing non-theist” will
                                            not be seen as oxymorons.
                                            Ultimately it means that the
                                            death of the theistic
                                            definition of God will not
                                            mean the death of God.
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>Today, theologians speak of
                                            God as a human symbol
                                            pointing to a reality that
                                            words cannot capture. They
                                            will say things like “God is
                                            dead” and still be drawn in
                                            worship. They look at Jesus,
                                            but not in the way that
                                            causes us to think that
                                            Jesus is related to God in
                                            the same way that Clark Kent
                                            is related to superman.
                                            Divinity becomes an aspect
                                            of humanity and is found in
                                            Jesus because his was a
                                            human life that escaped the
                                            boundaries of the human and
                                            thus reflected and channeled
                                            the reality of God to us and
                                            for us. It is a fermenting,
                                            frightening, creative time
                                            in the theological world. A
                                            new explanation is underway.
                                            I believe I can experience
                                            God, but I can no longer
                                            define God in theistic
                                            terms. That makes me a
                                            non-theist believer, but not
                                            one who denies the reality
                                            of God. I pursue God inside
                                            the parameters of
                                            Christianity because that
                                            has always been my doorway,
                                            but not because I am
                                            convinced it is the only
                                            doorway. This makes me a
                                            Christian by my definition,
                                            but I do not believe
                                            Christianity itself can
                                            contain the wonder of God
                                            and my journey will always
                                            lead me beyond the
                                            boundaries of Christianity.
                                            Into what I do not yet know,
                                            but it will be a step into a
                                            new dimension of reality for
                                            which I do not have words.
                                            Christianity has always been
                                            evolving. This will simply
                                            be the next, but not the
                                            last stage in that
                                            evolution. I claim my role
                                            in this evolution,
                                            specifically as a Christian.
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>This kind of radical
                                            reformation of our faith
                                            story has happened before,
                                            but perhaps in not so total
                                            a way. Christianity was born
                                            in a Jewish world and then
                                            had to translate itself into
                                            a Platonic-thinking Greek
                                            world in order to survive. A
                                            man named Augustine, the
                                            bishop of Hippo did that for
                                            us in the Fourth century.
                                            When Aristotle’s thought
                                            replaced Plato’s in the
                                            twelfth and thirteenth
                                            centuries as the dominant
                                            way of perceiving truth then
                                            Western theology once more
                                            had to adapt. Christianity
                                            did so by translating itself
                                            anew into Aristotelian
                                            terms. A man named Thomas
                                            Aquinas did that for us.
                                            When the age of the
                                            Enlightenment emerged, there
                                            was a great need for
                                            Christianity to be
                                            translated into the
                                            categories of new scientific
                                            learning and into the
                                            emerging new humanism. The
                                            Protestant Reformation
                                            sought to accomplish that.
                                            The jury is still out on how
                                            successful that was. Today,
                                            the knowledge on which the
                                            modern world is based, both
                                            its intellectual knowledge
                                            and its technological
                                            knowledge, cries out for
                                            what I have called “A New
                                            Christianity for a New
                                            World.” Developing that “New
                                            Christianity” is an ongoing
                                            work in progress.
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>There are some who believe
                                            that Christianity will die
                                            if it has to change and
                                            adapt and so they resist
                                            change and entrench
                                            themselves in the formulas
                                            of yesterday. We call them
                                            fundamentalists and they
                                            come in both a Catholic and
                                            Protestant variety. There
                                            are also some who think that
                                            Christianity in none of its
                                            forms will ever be able to
                                            live in this modern world
                                            and so they abandon it
                                            altogether. We call them
                                            secular humanists.
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>I call myself “A Believer
                                            in Exile.” Both words are
                                            important. I am a believer.
                                            God is infinitely real to me
                                            even though I cannot define
                                            that reality. I am also in
                                            exile from the traditional
                                            understanding of my
                                            religious past. I will never
                                            abandon my Christian roots,
                                            but I do see Christianity as
                                            an evolving force and I want
                                            to be part of that
                                            evolution.
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>So I gather with my
                                            community of faith in
                                            worship each week. I sing
                                            the hymns that reflect our
                                            journey through history. I
                                            listen to and pray prayers
                                            that are still largely
                                            addressed to a theistic
                                            understanding of God. I
                                            listen to sermons that help
                                            me explore a new interior
                                            reality. I participate in
                                            educational activities that
                                            force me into a dialogue
                                            between faith and knowledge.
                                            In my own way, I see my life
                                            as a journey into the
                                            mystery of God. In that
                                            journey, I am not able to
                                            pursue or even to
                                            contemplate that journey’s
                                            end, but I believe I walk in
                                            God and with God and that
                                            God lives in me and through
                                            me. Perhaps I am delusional,
                                            but I don’t think so.
                                            Perhaps God is the journey
                                            and not the destination.
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>It is from this perspective
                                            that I write not only my
                                            books, but this weekly
                                            column and because so many
                                            seem to be willing to walk
                                            with me, I never feel that I
                                            walk alone.
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>Thank you for your letter.
                                            John Shelby Spong</div>

                                        </div>

                                      </td>
                                    </tr>
                                  </tbody>
                                </table>
                                
                                
                                <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="20">
                                  <tbody>
                                    <tr>
                                      <td valign="top">
                                        
<div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px;">
                                          <h2 style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: left; color: rgb(68, 135, 207); line-height: 100%; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 30px; font-weight: normal; display: block;">Announcements</h2>
                                          
<div><span style="font-size: 22px;">This
                                              month, at
                                              ProgressiveChristianity.org,
                                              we continued our
                                              discussion on Sacred
                                              Community as we delved
                                              into the topic of <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">Teaching and
                                                Preaching</span>. </span><br>

                                            <br>

                                            <a style="color: rgb(68, 135, 207); font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline;" href="http://johnshelbyspong.us2.list-manage.com/track/click?u=b51b9cf441b059bb232418480&id=897077aabe&e=0471473479" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 24px;">Read
                                                It Here!</span></a><br>

                                            <br>

                                            <a style="color: rgb(68, 135, 207); font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline;" href="http://johnshelbyspong.us2.list-manage1.com/track/click?u=b51b9cf441b059bb232418480&id=2d1ca0883e&e=0471473479" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 22px;">Sign
                                                up for our free monthly
                                                eBulletin here.</span></a></div>

                                          
<div style="text-align: center;"><a style="color: rgb(68, 135, 207); font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline;" href="http://johnshelbyspong.us2.list-manage.com/track/click?u=b51b9cf441b059bb232418480&id=ad8b9ea924&e=0471473479" target="_blank"><img width="403" height="275" align="none" style="margin: 0px; border: currentColor; width: 403px; height: 275px; text-transform: capitalize; line-height: 14px; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; display: inline;" src="https://gallery.mailchimp.com/b51b9cf441b059bb232418480/images/abbfdc6a-59d9-4343-a845-50fe7220db2e.jpg"></a></div>

                                        </div>

                                      </td>
                                    </tr>
                                  </tbody>
                                </table>
                                
                              </td>
                            </tr>
                          </tbody>
                        </table>
                         </td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                      <td align="center" valign="top">
                        
                        <table width="600" id="templateFooter" style="border-top-color: currentColor; border-top-width: 0px; border-top-style: none; background-color: rgb(253, 253, 253);" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="10">
                          <tbody>
                            <tr>
                              <td class="footerContent" valign="top">
                                
                                <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="10">
                                  <tbody>
                                    <tr>
                                      <td id="social" valign="middle" style="border: 0px currentColor; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);" colspan="2">
                                        
<div style="text-align: center; color: rgb(112, 112, 112); line-height: 125%; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px;"><span style="text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 24px; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Any
                                            questions or concerns,
                                            please contact us at </span><a style="text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 102, 153); line-height: 24px; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" href="mailto:support@johnshelbyspong.com">support@johnshelbyspong.com</a><span style="text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 24px; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> or 253-507-8678.</span></div>

                                      </td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                      <td id="utility" valign="middle" style="border: 1px dashed rgb(211, 211, 211); background-color: rgb(253, 253, 253);" colspan="2"> <br>

                                        
<div style="text-align: center; color: rgb(112, 112, 112); line-height: 125%; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px;"> <em>Copyright
                                            © 2014
                                            ProgressiveChristianity.org,
                                            All rights reserved.</em> <br>

                                          You are receiving this email
                                          because you have a membership
                                          at johnshelbyspong.com. <br>

                                          <strong>Our mailing address
                                            is:</strong>
                                          
<div class="vcard"><span class="org fn">ProgressiveChristianity.org</span>
                                            
<div class="adr">
                                              
<div class="street-address">708
                                                Broadway</div>

                                              
<div class="extended-address">Suite
                                                105</div>

                                              <span class="locality">Tacoma</span>,
                                              <span class="region">WA</span>
                                              <span class="postal-code">98402</span></div>

                                            <br>

                                            <a class="hcard-download" href="http://johnshelbyspong.us2.list-manage.com/vcard?u=b51b9cf441b059bb232418480&id=e16aeed959" target="_blank">Add
                                              us to your address book</a></div>

                                        </div>

                                        <br>

                                      </td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                      <td id="utility" valign="middle" colspan="2">
                                        
<div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(112, 112, 112); line-height: 125%; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px;">If you
                                          are a paying subscriber, you
                                          may <a style="color: rgb(51, 102, 153); font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline;" href="http://johnshelbyspong.us2.list-manage.com/track/click?u=b51b9cf441b059bb232418480&id=5ae036e5d0&e=0471473479" target="_blank">login and cancel
                                            your account</a>.</div>

                                      </td>
                                    </tr>
                                  </tbody>
                                </table>
                                
                              </td>
                            </tr>
                          </tbody>
                        </table>
                         </td>
                    </tr>
                  </tbody>
                </table>
                <br>

              </td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </center>
      <center> <br>

        <br>

        <br>

        <br>

        <br>

        <br>

        <table width="100%" id="canspamBarWrapper" style="border-top-color: rgb(229, 229, 229); border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="center" valign="top" style="padding-top: 20px; padding-bottom: 20px;"><br>

              </td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <style>#AOLMsgPart_1_fd624126-ace1-4ff6-a9f5-31bbe2fa9c15 td{color: black;}                      @media only screen and (max-width: 480px){                         .aolReplacedBody table[id="canspamBar"] td{font-size:14px !important;}                         .aolReplacedBody table[id="canspamBar"] td a{display:block !important; margin-top:10px !important;}                     }                 </style> </center>
      <img width="1" height="1" src="http://johnshelbyspong.us2.list-manage.com/track/open.php?u=b51b9cf441b059bb232418480&id=ad7b2108a6&e=0471473479">
      <br>

    </div>

    <br>

  </div>



</div>




</div>
</font>