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                                          <h1 style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 61, 74); line-height: 100%; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 34px; font-weight: normal; display: block;">On
                                            Spending the Day with Amos,
                                            i.e. Professor James H. Cone</h1>
                                          
<div>So much of Christianity is
                                            a delusion, built as it is
                                            around power images and
                                            institutional claims to
                                            possess either an infallible
                                            Pope or an inerrant Bible.
                                            The Christian Church also
                                            traditionally operates out
                                            of a definition of life as
                                            something evil, fallen and
                                            corrupted by original sin,
                                            which it has used to enhance
                                            guilt and fear in the
                                            service of controlling
                                            behavior. From the days of
                                            the Emperor Constantine in
                                            the Fourth century, the
                                            Christian Church has
                                            frequently been a tool of
                                            the state enforcing cultural
                                            conformity. Drunk with its
                                            own claims to possess
                                            ultimate truth, the church
                                            has become a primary source
                                            in the dehumanization of men
                                            and women.</div>

                                          
<div>Our victims through the
                                            centuries were first the
                                            Jews. Anti-Semitism is a
                                            Christian gift to the world.
                                            One finds evidence of this
                                            in the New Testament, in the
                                            church “fathers,” in the
                                            Inquisition, in the leaders
                                            of the Reformation and
                                            ultimately when we
                                            Christians watched benignly
                                            as these seeds of violence,
                                            long nurtured in the
                                            Christian bosom, erupted in
                                            the murderous violence that
                                            we call the Holocaust, when
                                            six million Jews, along with
                                            others defined by the Nazi
                                            regime as sub-human, were
                                            exterminated in Hitler’s
                                            ovens.</div>

                                          
<div>Later in Christian history,
                                            Muslims felt the pain of
                                            Christian hostility.
                                            Vatican-sponsored and
                                            supported wars called “The
                                            Crusades” in the 11th, 12th
                                            and 13th centuries put
                                            Muslims to death with
                                            impunity. The Crusades also
                                            planted in our world the
                                            hatred that today has given
                                            birth to an Islamic
                                            hostility toward the
                                            “Christian West,” expressed
                                            in the rising tide of
                                            terrorism in which we now
                                            live. How could a religious
                                            system, based on the
                                            teachings of Jesus, who
                                            called us to “love our
                                            enemies,” wind up doing
                                            these things? Must something
                                            in our humanity have to die
                                            to make this behavior
                                            possible?</div>

                                          
<div>Other victims of a
                                            dehumanizing Christianity
                                            throughout our history have
                                            been women, who were judged
                                            and defined as inadequate,
                                            dependent human beings; and
                                            gay and lesbian people, who,
                                            in our ignorance, were
                                            defined as either mentally
                                            sick or morally depraved
                                            people. The dominant members
                                            of Western civilization, who
                                            were overwhelmingly
                                            Christian, passed laws,
                                            designed both to control and
                                            to dehumanize those members
                                            of our society that they
                                            thought were either less
                                            than fully human or deviant.</div>

                                          
<div>We need to recall that the
                                            leadership of the Christian
                                            Church also led the way in
                                            the oppression of people of
                                            color. The Pope has owned
                                            slaves. It was in the Bible
                                            belt of the South that
                                            African enslavement was most
                                            enthusiastically practiced
                                            and defended with the blood
                                            of white southerners on the
                                            battlefields of Gettysburg,
                                            Antietam and Appomattox.
                                            When slavery finally died,
                                            segregation was born to
                                            replace it. In 1876
                                            Republican Rutherford B.
                                            Hayes became president
                                            because of a deal worked out
                                            with the white leaders of
                                            four Southern states. They
                                            agreed to throw to him their
                                            state’s disputed electoral
                                            votes in exchange for his
                                            commitment to withdraw Union
                                            forces from the South and to
                                            allow the white South to
                                            make segregation legal and
                                            binding. Blacks were
                                            disenfranchised in that act
                                            and the lynching of black
                                            people without fear of
                                            retaliation became the
                                            activity of choice to keep
                                            the black population of the
                                            South under control. So many
                                            black people were hanged by
                                            mobs on southern trees that
                                            their bodies were referred
                                            to in black music as
                                            “strange fruit.” White
                                            Christian leaders
                                            participated in this reign
                                            of terror. Somehow Jesus was
                                            quoted by them as blessing
                                            this horror. The Christian
                                            life that Paul had once
                                            extolled as “the glorious
                                            liberty of the children of
                                            God” was now used by these
                                            followers of Jesus as the
                                            agent of a life-destroying
                                            hostility and oppression.</div>

                                          
<div>Through the centuries
                                            Christian theology, while
                                            making claims to triumphal
                                            power has remained
                                            insensitive to the victims
                                            of its own violence.
                                            Christians have been willing
                                            participants in oppression
                                            and generally have been
                                            unwilling to face the
                                            results of our own
                                            distortions. We have rather
                                            perfumed our violence so
                                            that it did not smell as bad
                                            as it was.</div>

                                          
<div>All of these things were
                                            forced into my consciousness
                                            just recently when I spent
                                            the day with James H. Cone,
                                            the Charles A. Briggs
                                            Distinguished Professor of
                                            Systematic Theology at Union
                                            Seminary in New York City.
                                            His most recent book is
                                            entitled, <em>The Cross and
                                              the Lynching Tree</em>.
                                            This book asks why the white
                                            church remained silent while
                                            thousands of black citizens
                                            were lynched in the
                                            religious South and none of
                                            these murderers was ever
                                            arrested or convicted for
                                            these crimes. His earlier
                                            books, which included such
                                            titles as <em>Black
                                              Theology and Black Power;
                                              God of the Oppressed</em>,
                                            and <em>Martin and Malcolm</em>,
                                            had propelled him into the
                                            ranks of the premier
                                            theologians of our time.
                                            Professor Cone rooted his
                                            theological work in the
                                            lives of the victims of our
                                            society. He read the same
                                            Bible as his white
                                            oppressors, but his focus
                                            was on the biblical stories
                                            of the plight of the
                                            marginalized. God, he
                                            noticed, had been on the
                                            side of the slaves, not the
                                            Egyptians. He read Jesus’
                                            parable of the judgment, in
                                            which the ultimate test of
                                            the Christian life was not
                                            what one believed, but how
                                            one acted. Christianity,
                                            that parable proclaims, is
                                            present when love is
                                            unhindered toward those
                                            defined as “the least of
                                            these,” those whom society
                                            defines as lacking in
                                            ultimate value. Instead of
                                            debating the morality of
                                            birth control and abortion,
                                            he wanted Christians to be
                                            aware of how those who are
                                            already born are treated. He
                                            listened to the parable of
                                            the Good Samaritan, which
                                            defined the “neighbor” we
                                            are commanded to love to
                                            include those who elicit
                                            from us our deepest
                                            prejudices and our most
                                            virulent fears. Though well
                                            trained in classical
                                            theology (his PhD
                                            dissertation at Northwestern
                                            University was on the work
                                            of Karl Barth), James Cone
                                            began to ask questions that
                                            classical theology had never
                                            thought to ask, and in the
                                            process he forced classical
                                            theology to face its own
                                            irrelevance. “What could
                                            Karl Barth possibly mean for
                                            black students,” Dr. Cone
                                            asked, “who had come from
                                            the cotton fields of
                                            Arkansas, Louisiana and
                                            Mississippi, seeking to
                                            change the structure of
                                            their lives in a society
                                            that had defined blacks as
                                            non-beings?”</div>

                                          
<div>So the starting place for
                                            his theology came out of his
                                            own biography. He was born
                                            in 1938 in Fordyce,
                                            Arkansas. He was raised in a
                                            rural, segregated part of
                                            that state, which defined
                                            people of color as inferior,
                                            even calling them less than
                                            human. He lived in the fear
                                            that powerless people always
                                            experience. The deck was
                                            stacked against him. When
                                            violated, he could not
                                            defend himself; when
                                            rejected by the symbols of a
                                            society that circumscribed
                                            what he was allowed to do
                                            within very limited
                                            boundaries, his only
                                            recourse was to absorb it.
                                            Public water fountains,
                                            public restrooms, public
                                            libraries, public parks and
                                            public schools were not
                                            available to him. If he
                                            dared to challenge any of
                                            these practices the law
                                            would not defend him.
                                            Attempts to change his world
                                            were met with vigilante
                                            administered “justice.” His
                                            segregated school
                                            compromised his ability to
                                            learn, stocked, as it was,
                                            with inferior books and
                                            teachers trained in inferior
                                            colleges. His one bulwark
                                            against this
                                            culturally-imposed,
                                            debilitating self-image was
                                            his parents, who placed a
                                            cocoon of love around him.
                                            This cocoon was also
                                            supported by his attendance
                                            at the Macedonia African
                                            Methodist-Episcopal (AME)
                                            Church, which proclaimed to
                                            him the infinite love of God
                                            and defined him as a
                                            precious child of God.</div>

                                          
<div>Nonetheless in his
                                            inadequate school, he
                                            exhibited an intelligence
                                            and ability to learn that
                                            set him apart. For college
                                            he attended Philander Smith,
                                            a small, “black only” Little
                                            Rock institution, graduating
                                            in 1958. Then, seeking a
                                            career as a pastor, he
                                            gained admission to
                                            Garrett-Evangelical
                                            Theological Seminary in
                                            Illinois from which he
                                            received his divinity degree
                                            in 1961. Seminary was his
                                            first step out of his
                                            oppressive society. Having
                                            gained recognition as one
                                            with significant
                                            intellectual gifts, he went
                                            on to Northwestern
                                            University to achieve a
                                            Master’s degree in 1963 and
                                            a PhD in 1965. His ability
                                            to write was hampered, he
                                            said, by his lack of
                                            training in proper grammar,
                                            proper punctuation and the
                                            extensive vocabulary that
                                            comes with expanded
                                            experience. Segregation was
                                            still preventing him from
                                            communicating what he
                                            grasped intellectually quite
                                            well. Armed with his new
                                            PhD, he discovered that his
                                            teaching opportunities were
                                            still circumscribed by the
                                            same forces that had always
                                            defined him as inferior. His
                                            only job offer was to teach
                                            at Philander Smith. In 1970,
                                            he moved away a second time
                                            to teach in Adrian College
                                            in Michigan. From there
                                            Union Seminary, in an act of
                                            brilliance, reached into
                                            this tiny midwestern school
                                            to tap him for its chair in
                                            Systematic Theology.</div>

                                          
<div>At Union Seminary, James
                                            Cone turned the theological
                                            paradigm upside down. He
                                            began his work, not with
                                            some obscure doctrine of
                                            God, but with the life he
                                            had lived as a victim inside
                                            the Christian world. He
                                            listened to the anger in the
                                            Civil Rights Movement; it
                                            was his anger. He sought to
                                            understand the insights of a
                                            black leader like Malcolm X,
                                            who articulated that anger.
                                            He was not impressed with
                                            theologians as eminent as
                                            Reinhold Niebuhr, who never
                                            seemed to see the black
                                            struggle as a Christian
                                            concern or even to engage
                                            the reality of lynching. He
                                            stated that Malcolm X was
                                            not far wrong when he called
                                            the white man “the devil.”
                                            He had little time for this
                                            false Christianity of
                                            oppression and proceeded to
                                            develop his call for the
                                            Christian Church to place
                                            itself, humbly and
                                            obediently at the side of
                                            those who had heretofore
                                            been its victims. He
                                            confronted institutional
                                            Christianity, which placed
                                            its own wealth and status
                                            ahead of challenging a
                                            debilitating racism. Above
                                            all, he dared to be a
                                            prophetic voice of judgment
                                            within Christianity whenever
                                            it put its institutional
                                            well-being ahead of its duty
                                            to break the bonds of
                                            oppression. In doing these
                                            things, he revealed a new
                                            vision of God.</div>

                                          
<div>One cannot hide inside
                                            religious clichés in the
                                            presence of this man of God.
                                            Like the prophet Amos, he is
                                            an uncomfortable presence to
                                            the religious establishment,
                                            but his message is correct.
                                            He cannot be dismissed in
                                            the language of the 1960’s,
                                            as a “communist” or a
                                            liberal as people sought to
                                            do. James Cone is the voice
                                            of authentic Christianity,
                                            calling us into a Christian
                                            future. We will fail to
                                            listen to him at our own
                                            peril.</div>

                                          
<div>~John Shelby Spong</div>

                                          
<div>Read the essay online <a style="color: rgb(68, 135, 207); font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline;" href="http://johnshelbyspong.us2.list-manage.com/track/click?u=b51b9cf441b059bb232418480&id=d69b5c994a&e=0471473479" target="_blank">here</a>.</div>

                                        </div>

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                                      <td valign="top">
                                        
<div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px;">
                                          <h2 style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: left; color: rgb(68, 135, 207); line-height: 100%; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 30px; font-weight: normal; display: block;">Question
                                            & Answer</h2>
                                          
<div>William P. Wright, Jr., via
                                            the Internet, writes:</div>

                                          <h4 style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: left; color: rgb(68, 135, 207); line-height: 100%; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 22px; font-weight: normal; display: block;">Question:</h4>
                                          
<div>It is a great relief to
                                            find you in today's world
                                            and to know someone else
                                            feels as I do about many
                                            things. You have helped me
                                            to see that real
                                            Christianity need not die to
                                            accommodate the reality in
                                            which the human race finds
                                            itself living today. Since I
                                            was born, some 80 years ago,
                                            I have been attending the
                                            First Baptist Church in my
                                            home town, first as a child
                                            and now as a mature
                                            (hopefully not yet senile)
                                            adult. I have seen pastors
                                            come and go, sung the hymns
                                            and spoken the words of the
                                            first century many times and
                                            wondered if I were the only
                                            person who was grasping to
                                            emulate Christ in my life
                                            amid a confusing and
                                            contradictory belief system.
                                            It came to a head when I was
                                            asked to dedicate a private
                                            cemetery on a Texas ranch
                                            for dear friends. How do you
                                            speak with integrity of
                                            belief when your audience is
                                            seemingly traditional and
                                            literal? This is what I
                                            said:
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>“We are gathered here to
                                            consecrate this ground; this
                                            special place; a place for
                                            meditation, inspiration and
                                            for remembrance. Years ago,
                                            I was walking in the place
                                            here they called the orchard
                                            because that was what it
                                            was, an apple orchard tended
                                            by my friend’s grandfather.
                                            The apples he grew, he
                                            peddled far and wide to
                                            support his family during
                                            hard times. My wife was with
                                            me that day and she bent and
                                            picked up a piece of flint
                                            that her ever watchful eyes
                                            had observed. It was proof
                                            of the presence of human
                                            activity at this place
                                            hundreds, perhaps thousands
                                            of years before.
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>“More recently, the name of
                                            that mountain south of us,
                                            Mitre Peak, marked this as a
                                            special place. It suggested
                                            the passage of Spanish
                                            explorers for whom it was
                                            both a symbol of a bishop’s
                                            hat and of the church which
                                            served as a guide for the
                                            journey. Another reason that
                                            this is a special place is
                                            that behind us is a spring
                                            that produces hundreds of
                                            gallons of water in this
                                            Chihuahuan Desert. Water is
                                            life. There is no life
                                            without it. So for these
                                            thousands of years the
                                            spring has been there and,
                                            because it was, life was
                                            here also and still is.
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>“Today, however, we are
                                            reminded that there is also
                                            death here. Death is
                                            everywhere. We think of
                                            death because it is part of
                                            life and those of us
                                            gathered here are alive.
                                            Mountains, however, also
                                            die. Mitre Peak, which looks
                                            so strong and eternal, is in
                                            the midst of its life cycle
                                            just as we are. Millennia
                                            from now it will be
                                            dissolved by the inexorable
                                            forces of erosion, wind,
                                            rain, changes of temperature
                                            and other processes will
                                            carry its bulk to the sea
                                            where it will be
                                            reconstituted as the sea
                                            bed. Perhaps someday it will
                                            once again become a
                                            mountain. That is the
                                            eternal cycle of existence
                                            of which we are but a
                                            miniscule yet important
                                            part.
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>“It is fitting that we
                                            think upon these things as
                                            we visit this place where
                                            our friends and relatives,
                                            have passed this life and
                                            have begun another phase in
                                            this cycle of existence.
                                            They still exist, but in
                                            ways our limited
                                            intelligence cannot imagine.
                                            Even as their bodies are
                                            re-constituted into their
                                            original minerals and
                                            elements and then again into
                                            plants and animals they are
                                            still with us when we come
                                            here.
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>“We meditate on their lives
                                            and on the lives of those we
                                            did not know who came before
                                            us. It is in hallowed ground
                                            like this that history is
                                            recorded and endures. We
                                            feel the unbroken chain that
                                            ties our earliest ancestors
                                            to us for all time. We
                                            relive the joys of our
                                            association with them in
                                            life and we honor those
                                            lives with our remembrance.
                                            We can learn from their
                                            successes and be warned by
                                            their failures and just as
                                            those ancient travelers, who
                                            established their location
                                            from sighting Mitre Peak, we
                                            can recast our own
                                            directions by reflecting on
                                            the lives of those who are
                                            buried here.
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>“God, we know you as the
                                            great architect of this
                                            universe. Your energy is
                                            transformed in your
                                            laboratory of stars into the
                                            elements that make visible
                                            the world we see and know.
                                            Understand that, we know you
                                            are with us in every nook
                                            and cranny of existence, in
                                            the cells of our body, in
                                            the dirt beneath our feet,
                                            in the birds and animals and
                                            in everything that is. In a
                                            very real way, we are made
                                            from your energy - therefore
                                            in your image.
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>“Let us leave today with
                                            that knowledge and with the
                                            assurance that we, just as
                                            those who are honored here,
                                            are eternal. As we visit
                                            this place let us be
                                            reminded of that and let it
                                            give us peace and direction
                                            for our lives.”
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>
                                          </div>

                                          
<div> </div>

                                          <h4 style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: left; color: rgb(68, 135, 207); line-height: 100%; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 22px; font-weight: normal; display: block;">Answer:</h4>
                                          
<div>Dear Bill,
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>Thank you for sending me
                                            your words at the dedication
                                            of a cemetery. You have
                                            rightly discerned the fact
                                            of human connectedness, not
                                            only with those we love, but
                                            with those who have formed
                                            the chain of life that has
                                            bridged the years of human
                                            history.
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>You have also plumbed the
                                            depths of human meaning and
                                            discovered anew that life is
                                            much more than simply the
                                            passage of time.
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>My study of human origins
                                            informs me that the universe
                                            is somewhere between 13.7
                                            and 13.8 billion years old.
                                            It tells me that everything
                                            is made of star dust. It
                                            tells me that out of matter
                                            life has flowed and out of
                                            life consciousness has
                                            emerged. The miracle of
                                            humanity is discovered when
                                            we recognize that out of
                                            consciousness,
                                            self-consciousness has
                                            appeared.
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>Everything that I know
                                            about evolution tells me
                                            that it is an ongoing, never
                                            ending process. For out of
                                            self-consciousness, a
                                            universal consciousness is
                                            being born today and human
                                            divisions are being
                                            transcended. For Paul that
                                            was the very nature of the
                                            Christ experience. “In
                                            Christ,” he noted, “there is
                                            neither Jew nor Greek, male
                                            nor female, bond nor free.”
                                            Human oneness continues as
                                            we realize that in Christ
                                            there is also neither black
                                            nor white, Catholic nor
                                            Protestant, gay nor
                                            straight, Jew nor Muslim,
                                            capitalist nor communist. To
                                            see barriers fade is scary
                                            to some people because
                                            barriers protect us from
                                            fear. As the universal
                                            consciousness enfolds us,
                                            however, the barriers will
                                            inevitably disappear and
                                            oneness - both human oneness
                                            and the oneness of the human
                                            with the natural world will
                                            become clear.
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>Ultimately, this will also
                                            cause us to redefine God.
                                            God will no longer be
                                            understood as a supernatural
                                            being, who invades the world
                                            miraculously from somewhere
                                            outside it. God will rather
                                            be perceived as the Source
                                            of Life calling us to live
                                            fully, the Source of Love
                                            freeing us to love
                                            wastefully and as the Ground
                                            of Being empowering us to be
                                            all that each of us can be.
                                            That is the God presence
                                            that I find in Jesus and
                                            that is why he calls me to
                                            step beyond even the
                                            boundaries of religion.
                                            Increasingly, God is for me
                                            a verb to be lived and not a
                                            noun to be defined.
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>You seem to be on a similar
                                            journey. I feel privileged
                                            to have you as a fellow
                                            pilgrim. Walk in faith!
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>
                                          </div>

                                          
<div>~John Shelby Spong</div>

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<div><span style="font-size: 20px;">“Doubt
                                              is not the opposite of
                                              faith; it is one element
                                              of faith” <br>

                                              ― Paul Tillich</span><br>

                                            <br>

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